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Science Médicale - Tests Génétiques et Prénataux

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux tests génétiques et prénatals, tels que "caryotype", "cordocentèse" et "chromosome".

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Words Related to Medical Science
breast cancer gene test

a genetic test that identifies mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers

test génétique du cancer du sein, test des gènes BRCA1 et BRCA2

test génétique du cancer du sein, test des gènes BRCA1 et BRCA2

Breast cancer gene 1

a gene associated with increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers due to mutations, making it important in cancer genetics and testing

gène du cancer du sein 1, gène BRCA1

gène du cancer du sein 1, gène BRCA1

Breast cancer gene 2

a gene linked to increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers due to mutations, important in cancer genetics and testing

gène du cancer du sein 2, gène BRCA2

gène du cancer du sein 2, gène BRCA2

carrier screening

genetic testing to identify individuals who carry gene mutations for certain conditions, informing reproductive decision-making

dépistage des porteurs, test génétique des porteurs

dépistage des porteurs, test génétique des porteurs

karyotype test

a laboratory test that examines an individual's chromosomes to detect genetic abnormalities such as chromosomal disorders and syndromes

test de caryotype, analyse de caryotype

test de caryotype, analyse de caryotype

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

a gene associated with increased risk of health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, and psychiatric disorders due to specific mutations

méthylènetétrahydrofolate réductase, réductase de la méthylènetétrahydrofolate

méthylènetétrahydrofolate réductase, réductase de la méthylènetétrahydrofolate

gene
gene
[nom]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gène

gène

Ex: The gene responsible for eye color is inherited from both parents. 
DNA
DNA
[nom]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

ADN

ADN

Ex: DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the genetic instructions for living organisms. 
chromosome

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

chromosome

chromosome

chromosomal mutation

a genetic change that can affect chromosome structure or number, leading to variations in gene expression and potential genetic disorders

mutation chromosomique, altération chromosomique

mutation chromosomique, altération chromosomique

Ex: Learning about my daughter's chromosomal mutation required genetic testing and counseling. 
MTHFR gene test

a genetic test that identifies mutations in the MTHFR gene to assess an individual's risk for health conditions

test génétique MTHFR, analyse du gène MTHFR

test génétique MTHFR, analyse du gène MTHFR

pharmacogenetic test

a type of genetic testing that analyzes an individual's genetic makeup to assess how their genes may impact their response to certain medications

test pharmacogénétique, analyse pharmacogénétique

test pharmacogénétique, analyse pharmacogénétique

PTEN gene

a tumor suppressor gene associated with increased cancer risk due to mutations, important in cancer genetics and testing

gène PTEN, gène suppresseur de tumeur PTEN

gène PTEN, gène suppresseur de tumeur PTEN

PTEN genetic test

a genetic test identifies mutations in the PTEN gene to assess an individual's risk for associated conditions such as cancers and other health conditions

test génétique PTEN, analyse génétique du gène PTEN

test génétique PTEN, analyse génétique du gène PTEN

tumor protein P53 gene

a tumor suppressor gene associated with increased cancer risk due to mutations, important in cancer genetics and testing

gène de la protéine P53 suppresseur de tumeur, gène suppresseur de tumeur P53

gène de la protéine P53 suppresseur de tumeur, gène suppresseur de tumeur P53

tumor protein P53 genetic test

a genetic test that identifies mutations in the TP53 gene to assess an individual's risk for associated conditions such as cancers and other health conditions

test génétique de la protéine tumorale P53, analyse génétique de la protéine P53

test génétique de la protéine tumorale P53, analyse génétique de la protéine P53

protein molecule

a complex biological structure essential for cellular functions in living organisms, made up of amino acid chains

molécule protéique, protéine

molécule protéique, protéine

Ex: Hemoglobin, a protein molecule, carries oxygen in our blood. 
karyotype

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

caryotype, profil chromosomique

caryotype, profil chromosomique

Ex: Genetic counselors use karyotypes to explain potential risks to parents. 
preimplantation genetic testing

genetic testing on embryos during IVF to screen for genetic conditions or abnormalities prior to implantation

test génétique préimplantatoire, diagnostic génétique préimplantatoire

test génétique préimplantatoire, diagnostic génétique préimplantatoire

amniocentesis

a test to check the baby's health by taking a small amount of fluid from around the baby before birth

amniocentèse, ponction amniotique

amniocentèse, ponction amniotique

Ex: Doctors recommend amniocentesis to check for genetic conditions in pregnancy. 
chorionic villus sampling

a test done during pregnancy that involves taking a small sample of tissue from the developing pregnancy to check for genetic issues in the baby

prélèvement des villosités choriales, biopsie du trophoblaste

prélèvement des villosités choriales, biopsie du trophoblaste

Ex: Chorionic villus sampling is a test done during pregnancy to check the baby's genes. 
fetal echocardiography

a specialized ultrasound examination that assesses the heart of a developing fetus in utero for any potential structural or functional abnormalities

échocardiographie fœtale, examen échocardiographique fœtal

échocardiographie fœtale, examen échocardiographique fœtal

obstetrical ultrasound

a medical imaging technique used to visualize the developing fetus, assess fetal growth, identify abnormalities, and evaluate maternal reproductive organs during pregnancy

échographie obstétricale, ultrason obstétrical

échographie obstétricale, ultrason obstétrical

quadruple screening

a prenatal blood test that assesses the risk of chromosomal disorders in the fetus by measuring four markers in the mother's blood

dépistage quadruple, test quadruple

dépistage quadruple, test quadruple

Cell-Free DNA Screening

a non-invasive prenatal test that analyzes fetal DNA in the mother's blood to screen for chromosomal abnormalities with high accuracy

Dépistage de l'ADN libre circulant, Test prénatal non invasif de l'ADN fœtal

Dépistage de l'ADN libre circulant, Test prénatal non invasif de l'ADN fœtal

prenatal ultrasound

a medical test that uses sound waves to create pictures of a growing baby inside a pregnant woman's uterus to check for any potential problems

échographie prénatale, ultrason prénatal

échographie prénatale, ultrason prénatal

cordocentesis

a prenatal procedure that involves withdrawing a small sample of fetal blood from the umbilical cord for diagnostic purposes

cordocentèse, ponction ombilicale

cordocentèse, ponction ombilicale

nuchal translucency screening

a prenatal test that measures fetal neck thickness to assess chromosomal abnormalities during early pregnancy

dépistage de la clarté nucale, mesure de la clarté nucale

dépistage de la clarté nucale, mesure de la clarté nucale

sonogram

a medical image taken using sound waves, commonly used in pregnancy to monitor fetal development

sonogramme, échographie

sonogramme, échographie

Ex: During pregnancy, a sonogram helps parents see and monitor the baby's growth. 
sonography

a medical imaging method using sound waves for real-time visual examinations of the body's internal structures

échographie, sonographie

échographie, sonographie

Ex: Sonography uses sound waves to create real-time images of the body. 
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