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Mathématiques et Évaluation ACT - Arithmétique et Statistiques

Apprenez le vocabulaire ACT pour l'arithmétique et les statistiques, y compris les calculs, les moyennes, les ratios, les pourcentages, les données, les probabilités et l'interprétation des informations numériques.

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ACT Vocabulary for Math and Assessment
integer
integer
[nom]

any number without fractions or decimals, including positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero

entier

entier

Ex: In programming, integers are commonly used for counting and indexing. 

En programmation, les entiers sont couramment utilisés pour compter et indexer.

fraction

a number expressed as one quantity divided by another, especially one written with a numerator and denominator

fraction

fraction

Ex: Students learned how to add fractions with different denominators. 
decimal
decimal
[nom]

(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.

décimal

décimal

Ex: The student converted the fraction 3/5 into a decimal to make calculations easier. 

L'étudiant a converti la fraction 3/5 en un décimal pour faciliter les calculs.

mean
mean
[nom]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

moyenne

moyenne

Ex: If the mean of a set of numbers is 10, their average value is 10. 
average
average
[Adjectif]

calculated by adding a set of numbers together and dividing this amount by the total number of amounts in that set

moyen

moyen

Ex: The average height of the students in the class is 5 feet 6 inches. 
mixed number

a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction

nombre mixte, nombre fractionnaire

nombre mixte, nombre fractionnaire

Ex: To convert a mixed number to an improper fraction, we multiply the whole number part by the denominator and add the numerator. 

Pour convertir un nombre mixte en une fraction impropre, nous multiplions la partie entière par le dénominateur et ajoutons le numérateur.

prime number

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

nombre premier

nombre premier

Ex: Cryptography relies on the properties of prime numbers for secure encryption. 

La cryptographie repose sur les propriétés des nombres premiers pour un chiffrement sécurisé.

rational number

a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

nombre rationnel

nombre rationnel

Ex: The decimal 0.5 is a rational number because it can be converted to the fraction 1/2, with 1 and 2 being integers. 

Le décimal 0,5 est un nombre rationnel car il peut être converti en fraction 1/2, avec 1 et 2 étant des entiers.

irrational number

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

nombre irrationnel

nombre irrationnel

Ex: The decimal form of an irrational number goes on forever without repeating. 

La forme décimale d'un nombre irrationnel continue indéfiniment sans se répéter.

complex number

a number that has both a real part and a part involving a unit that, when squared, gives a negative result

nombre complexe, complexe

nombre complexe, complexe

Ex: Operations with complex numbers follow specific rules different from those of real numbers. 

Les opérations avec des nombres complexes suivent des règles spécifiques différentes de celles des nombres réels.

real number

any number that can be found on the number line, including both positive and negative numbers, zero, and fractions

nombre réel, réel

nombre réel, réel

Ex: Negative numbers, like -3, are also real numbers. 

Les nombres négatifs, comme -3, sont aussi des nombres réels.

whole number

any positive number without fractions or decimals, including zero

nombre entier, entier naturel

nombre entier, entier naturel

Ex: Unlike fractions and decimals, whole numbers represent complete units. 

Contrairement aux fractions et aux décimales, les nombres entiers représentent des unités complètes.

root
root
[nom]

a value that, when multiplied by itself a specified number of times, results in the given number

racine, radical

racine, radical

Ex: Negative numbers can have imaginary roots, such as the square root of -1 being i. 
range
range
[nom]

the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of numbers

plage, étendue

plage, étendue

Ex: The range of the temperatures for the week was 25 degrees, with a high of 80 and a low of 55. 
solution

a correct answer to a problem in mathematics or a puzzle

solution

solution

Ex: The students worked together to find the solution to the challenging word problem. 
product
product
[nom]

the result of multiplying two or more numbers or quantities together

produit, résultat de la multiplication

produit, résultat de la multiplication

Ex: When you multiply 7 by 5, the product is 35. 
factor
factor
[nom]

(mathematics) one of the numbers that another number can be divided by

facteur

facteur

Ex: The prime factors of 12 are 2 and 3, as 12 can be divided by both 2 and 3. 
value
value
[nom]

(mathematics) an amount that is shown by a sign or letter

valeur

valeur

Ex: The value of a variable can change depending on the context of the problem being solved. 
inequality

a mathematical statement showing that one quantity or expression is greater or less than another

inéquation,  inégalité

inéquation, inégalité

Ex: The symbol > appears in the inequality 8 > 5. 
equation

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

équation

équation

Ex: The physicist derived an equation to describe the relationship between energy and mass. 
minimum
minimum
[Adjectif]

having the least or smallest amount possible

minimum

minimum

Ex: He received the minimum score needed to pass the exam. 
exponential

a mathematical expression where a number is multiplied by itself a certain number of times determined by a variable

exponentielle, fonction exponentielle

exponentielle, fonction exponentielle

Ex: The graph of an exponential increases rapidly as the variable grows. 

Le graphique d'une exponentielle augmente rapidement à mesure que la variable augmente.

arithmetic sequence

a sequence of numbers in which the difference between any two consecutive terms is constant

suite arithmétique, séquence arithmétique

suite arithmétique, séquence arithmétique

Ex: Arithmetic sequences are commonly used in finance to model situations where there is a constant increase or decrease in value over time. 

Les suites arithmétiques sont couramment utilisées en finance pour modéliser des situations où il y a une augmentation ou une diminution constante de la valeur au fil du temps.

divisible
divisible
[Adjectif]

having the quality of being divided, especially by a number

divisible

divisible

to square
to square
[verbe]

to multiply a value or number by itself

élever au carré, mettre au carré

élever au carré, mettre au carré

Ex: If you square 3, you get 3 × 3, which equals 9. 
improper fraction

a fraction where the the top number is greater than or equal to the equal to the bottom number

fraction impropre

fraction impropre

Ex: The teacher explained how to simplify an improper fraction to a whole number if the division is exact. 

L'enseignant a expliqué comment simplifier une fraction impropre en un nombre entier si la division est exacte.

quotient

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

quotient

quotient

Ex: The quotient of 20 and 5 is 4, as 20 divided by 5 equals 4. 

Le quotient de 20 et 5 est 4, car 20 divisé par 5 égale 4.

common ratio

the constant ratio between consecutive terms

raison commune, ratio commun

raison commune, ratio commun

Ex: The common ratio of a geometric sequence can be negative, indicating alternating signs between consecutive terms. 

La raison commune d'une suite géométrique peut être négative, indiquant des signes alternés entre les termes consécutifs.

common multiple

a number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers

multiple commun, commun multiple

multiple commun, commun multiple

Ex: To find a common multiple of 6 and 8, you can list their multiples and identify the smallest one they share. 

Pour trouver un multiple commun de 6 et 8, vous pouvez lister leurs multiples et identifier le plus petit qu'ils partagent.

common factor

a number that divides exactly into two or more given numbers without leaving a remainder

facteur commun, diviseur commun

facteur commun, diviseur commun

Ex: The numbers 8 and 12 have common factors of 1, 2, and 4. 

Les nombres 8 et 12 ont des facteurs communs de 1, 2 et 4.

common denominator

(mathematics) a shared multiple of the bottom numbers of two or more fractions

dénominateur commun

dénominateur commun

Ex: The least common denominator of 3/4 and 5/6 is 12. 
least common denominator

the smallest positive integer that is a common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions

plus petit dénominateur commun, dénominateur commun le plus petit

plus petit dénominateur commun, dénominateur commun le plus petit

Ex: The teacher explained that the least common denominator helps simplify the process of adding fractions with different denominators. 

L'enseignant a expliqué que le plus petit dénominateur commun aide à simplifier le processus d'addition de fractions avec des dénominateurs différents.

probability

a mathematical measure of how likely an event is to occur, expressed as a number between zero and one

probabilité

probabilité

Ex: Students calculated the probability of drawing a red card. 
median
median
[nom]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

médiane, valeur médiane

médiane, valeur médiane

Ex: For the data set {3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 19}, the median is 10, the average of the two middle values 8 and 12. 

Pour l'ensemble de données {3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 19}, la médiane est 10, la moyenne des deux valeurs centrales 8 et 12.

mode
mode
[nom]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

mode, valeur modale

mode, valeur modale

Ex: The mode is the number that occurs most often. 
bimodal
bimodal
[Adjectif]

having or involving two distinct modes, peaks, or most frequent values

bimodal, à deux modes

bimodal, à deux modes

Ex: In a bimodal climate, there are typically two distinct rainy seasons. 

Dans un climat bimodal, il y a généralement deux saisons des pluies distinctes.

to estimate

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

estimer

estimer

Ex: Can you estimate the cost of the groceries we need for the week? 
frequency

the number of times a particular event occurs within a specific period or among a set of observations

fréquence

fréquence

Ex: In a survey, the frequency of respondents who preferred chocolate ice cream was 40 out of 100. 
distribution

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing how often each occurs, either observed or theoretical

distribution, répartition

distribution, répartition

Ex: Researchers studied the distribution of rainfall over the year. 
standard deviation

a measure of how much the values in a set typically differ from the average

écart type, déviation standard

écart type, déviation standard

Ex: The standard deviation of test scores showed that most students scored around the average. 

L'écart type des résultats aux tests a montré que la plupart des étudiants ont obtenu des scores autour de la moyenne.

margin of error

the range within which the true value is expected to fall, accounting for potential inaccuracies in measurement or sampling

marge d'erreur, intervalle d'erreur

marge d'erreur, intervalle d'erreur

Ex: When calculating the survey's margin of error, the researchers considered the sample size and variability. 

Lors du calcul de la marge d'erreur de l'enquête, les chercheurs ont pris en compte la taille de l'échantillon et la variabilité.

random
random
[Adjectif]

occurring in such a way that each possible outcome has a certain probability of occurring, but the specific outcome cannot be predicted with certainty

aléatoire, hasardeux

aléatoire, hasardeux

Ex: The random variable X represents the number of heads obtained when flipping a coin three times. 

La variable aléatoire X représente le nombre de faces obtenues en lançant une pièce trois fois.

trend line

a straight line drawn through a set of data points on a graph to represent the general direction or pattern of the data

ligne de tendance, courbe de tendance

ligne de tendance, courbe de tendance

Ex: By plotting a trend line through the sales data, the company could forecast future performance. 

En traçant une ligne de tendance à travers les données de vente, l'entreprise a pu prévoir les performances futures.

dot plot

a type of statistical chart consisting of dots that represent individual data points

diagramme à points, graphique à points

diagramme à points, graphique à points

Ex: By examining the dot plot, we could quickly identify the mode of the data set. 

En examinant le diagramme à points, nous avons pu identifier rapidement le mode de l'ensemble de données.

linear model

a mathematical representation that describes the relationship between two or more variables using a linear equation

modèle linéaire, modèle de régression linéaire

modèle linéaire, modèle de régression linéaire

Ex: Economists use linear models to predict consumer spending based on factors such as income and interest rates. 

Les économistes utilisent des modèles linéaires pour prédire les dépenses des consommateurs en fonction de facteurs tels que le revenu et les taux d'intérêt.

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