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Matematika at Pagtatasa sa ACT - Aritmetika at Estadistika

Matutunan ang bokabularyo ng ACT para sa aritmetika at estadistika, kabilang ang mga kalkulasyon, average, ratio, porsyento, datos, probabilidad, at pagbibigay-kahulugan sa numerical na impormasyon.

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ACT Vocabulary for Math and Assessment
integer
integer
[Pangngalan]

any number without fractions or decimals, including positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero

buong bilang

buong bilang

Ex: The numbers -3, 0, and 7 are all integers. 

Ang mga numerong -3, 0, at 7 ay pawang mga integer.

fraction
fraction
[Pangngalan]

a number obtained by dividing one integer or rational number by another, typically written in the form a/b

praksiyon, karaniwang praksiyon

praksiyon, karaniwang praksiyon

Ex: One-half (1/2) is a simple fraction. 

Ang kalahati (1/2) ay isang simpleng praksyon.

decimal
decimal
[Pangngalan]

(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.

desimal, bilang na desimal

desimal, bilang na desimal

Ex: In mathematics, decimals are a way to represent fractions or portions of a whole using a decimal point. 

Sa matematika, ang desimal ay isang paraan upang kumatawan ng mga praksyon o bahagi ng isang buo gamit ang isang decimal point.

mean
mean
[Pangngalan]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

mean, arithmetic mean

mean, arithmetic mean

Ex: The mean of the test results was used to assess overall student achievement. 

Ang mean ng mga resulta ng pagsusulit ay ginamit upang masuri ang pangkalahatang tagumpay ng mag-aaral.

average
average
[pang-uri]

calculated by adding a set of numbers together and dividing this amount by the total number of amounts in that set

karaniwan

karaniwan

Ex: The average age of the employees in the company is 35 years old. 

Ang average na edad ng mga empleyado sa kumpanya ay 35 taong gulang.

mixed number
mixed number
[Pangngalan]

a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction

halong bilang, halong praksyon

halong bilang, halong praksyon

Ex: When working with measurements, such as lengths or amounts, we often encounter mixed numbers instead of whole numbers. 

Kapag nagtatrabaho sa mga sukat, tulad ng haba o dami, madalas tayong makatagpo ng halong numero sa halip na buong numero.

prime number
prime number
[Pangngalan]

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

pangunahing numero

pangunahing numero

Ex: 7 is a prime number because its only divisors are 1 and 7. 

7 ay isang prime number dahil ang tanging divisors nito ay 1 at 7.

rational number
rational number
[Pangngalan]

a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

rational na numero, rational na fraction

rational na numero, rational na fraction

Ex: 2/3 is a rational number since it represents the division of two integers, -2 and 3, and the result is a finite value. 

Ang 2/3 ay isang rational number dahil ito ay kumakatawan sa dibisyon ng dalawang integers, -2 at 3, at ang resulta ay isang finite na halaga.

irrational number
irrational number
[Pangngalan]

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

hindi makatuwirang bilang, bilang na hindi maipahayag bilang ratio

hindi makatuwirang bilang, bilang na hindi maipahayag bilang ratio

Ex: Irrational numbers cannot be written as simple fractions. 

Ang mga hindi makatwirang numero ay hindi maaaring isulat bilang simpleng mga fraction.

complex number
complex number
[Pangngalan]

a number that has both a real part and a part involving a unit that, when squared, gives a negative result

komplex na numero, komplex

komplex na numero, komplex

Ex: Complex numbers are used extensively in electrical engineering to analyze AC circuits. 

Ang mga complex number ay malawakang ginagamit sa electrical engineering upang suriin ang AC circuits.

real number
real number
[Pangngalan]

any number that can be found on the number line, including both positive and negative numbers, zero, and fractions

tunay na bilang, real na bilang

tunay na bilang, real na bilang

Ex: The number 5 is a real number because it can be located on the number line. 

Ang numero 5 ay isang tunay na numero dahil maaari itong matagpuan sa linya ng numero.

whole number
whole number
[Pangngalan]

any positive number without fractions or decimals, including zero

buong bilang, natural na bilang

buong bilang, natural na bilang

Ex: Whole numbers do not include negative numbers or fractions. 

Ang buong numero ay hindi kasama ang mga negatibong numero o praksyon.

root
root
[Pangngalan]

a value that, when multiplied by itself a specified number of times, results in the given number

ugat, radikal

ugat, radikal

Ex: The square root of 16 is 4. 

Ang square root ng 16 ay 4.

range
range
[Pangngalan]

the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of numbers

saklaw, hanay

saklaw, hanay

Ex: The range of the dataset {5, 8, 12, 16, 22} is 17. 

Ang saklaw ng dataset na {5, 8, 12, 16, 22} ay 17.

solution
solution
[Pangngalan]

a correct answer to a problem in mathematics or a puzzle

solusyon, sagot

solusyon, sagot

Ex: After careful analysis, she found the solution to the complex algebraic equation. 

Matapos ang maingat na pagsusuri, natagpuan niya ang solusyon sa kumplikadong algebraic equation.

product
product
[Pangngalan]

the result of multiplying two or more numbers or quantities together

produkto, resulta ng pagpaparami

produkto, resulta ng pagpaparami

Ex: The product of 3 and 4 is 12. 

Ang produkto ng 3 at 4 ay 12.

factor
factor
[Pangngalan]

(mathematics) one of the numbers that another number can be divided by

salik

salik

Ex: Identifying factor pairs of a number involves listing pairs of integers whose product equals that number. 

Ang pagtukoy sa mga pares ng factor ng isang numero ay nagsasangkot ng paglilista ng mga pares ng integers na ang produkto ay katumbas ng numerong iyon.

value
value
[Pangngalan]

(mathematics) an amount that is shown by a sign or letter

halaga, dami

halaga, dami

Ex: The absolute value of a number is its distance from zero on a number line, represented by |x| for a given number x. 

Ang absolute na halaga ng isang numero ay ang distansya nito mula sa zero sa isang linya ng numero, na kinakatawan ng |x| para sa isang binigay na numero x.

inequality
inequality
[Pangngalan]

a statement that compares two quantities, expressions, or values and indicates their relative sizes

hindi pagkakapantay-pantay

hindi pagkakapantay-pantay

Ex: The inequality x>5 represents all real numbers greater than 5. 

Ang hindi pagkakapantay-pantay x>5 ay kumakatawan sa lahat ng tunay na bilang na mas malaki sa 5.

equation
equation
[Pangngalan]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

ekwasyon

ekwasyon

Ex: In algebra, solving equations involves finding the values of variables that satisfy the equality stated. 

Sa algebra, ang paglutas ng equation ay nagsasangkot ng paghahanap ng mga halaga ng mga variable na nagbibigay-kasiyahan sa pagkakapantay na nakasaad.

minimum
minimum
[pang-uri]

having the least or smallest amount possible

pinakamababa, minimum

pinakamababa, minimum

Ex: The minimum requirement for admission to the program is a bachelor's degree. 

Ang pinakamababang kinakailangan para sa pagpasok sa programa ay isang bachelor's degree.

exponential
exponential
[Pangngalan]

a mathematical expression where a number is multiplied by itself a certain number of times determined by a variable

eksponensyal, punsyong eksponensyal

eksponensyal, punsyong eksponensyal

Ex: In population studies, the growth can often be modeled by an exponential. 

Sa mga pag-aaral ng populasyon, ang paglago ay maaaring madalas na imodelo ng isang exponential.

arithmetic sequence

a sequence of numbers in which the difference between any two consecutive terms is constant

arithmetic sequence, pagkakasunod-sunod ng arithmetic

arithmetic sequence, pagkakasunod-sunod ng arithmetic

Ex: In the arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, ..., each term increases by 3, which is the common difference. 

Sa arithmetic sequence na 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, ..., ang bawat termino ay tumataas ng 3, na siyang common difference.

divisible
divisible
[pang-uri]

having the quality of being divided, especially by a number

mahahati

mahahati

to square
to square
[Pandiwa]

to multiply a value or number by itself

i-square, paramihin sa sarili

i-square, paramihin sa sarili

Ex: Squaring 5 gives you 5 × 5, which equals 25. 

Ang pagsasquare sa 5 ay nagbibigay sa iyo ng 5 × 5, na katumbas ng 25.

improper fraction
improper fraction
[Pangngalan]

a fraction where the the top number is greater than or equal to the equal to the bottom number

di-wastong praksyon

di-wastong praksyon

Ex: In some mathematical problems, working with improper fractions is more straightforward than using mixed numbers. 

Sa ilang mga problema sa matematika, ang pagtatrabaho sa mga improper fraction ay mas diretso kaysa sa paggamit ng mga mixed number.

quotient
quotient
[Pangngalan]

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

kabahagi

kabahagi

Ex: In the division problem 12 ÷ 4, the quotient is 3. 

Sa problema ng paghahati 12 ÷ 4, ang quotient ay 3.

common ratio
common ratio
[Pangngalan]

the constant ratio between consecutive terms

karaniwang ratio, palagian na ratio

karaniwang ratio, palagian na ratio

Ex: In the geometric sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, ..., the common ratio between consecutive terms is r=3. 

Sa geometric sequence na 2, 6, 18, 54, ..., ang common ratio sa pagitan ng magkakasunod na termino ay r=3.

common multiple
common multiple
[Pangngalan]

a number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers

karaniwang multiple, karaniwang bilang na maramihang

karaniwang multiple, karaniwang bilang na maramihang

Ex: The smallest common multiple of 4 and 5 is 20. 

Ang pinakamaliit na karaniwang multiple ng 4 at 5 ay 20.

common factor
common factor
[Pangngalan]

a number that divides exactly into two or more given numbers without leaving a remainder

karaniwang salik, karaniwang divisor

karaniwang salik, karaniwang divisor

Ex: The common factors of 12 and 18 include 1, 2, 3, and 6. 

Ang karaniwang mga kadahilanan ng 12 at 18 ay kinabibilangan ng 1, 2, 3, at 6.

common denominator
common denominator
[Pangngalan]

(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions

karaniwang denominador, pangkaraniwang denominador

karaniwang denominador, pangkaraniwang denominador

Ex: To add 1/2 and 1/3, find a common denominator like 6. 
least common denominator

the smallest positive integer that is a common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions

pinakamaliit na karaniwang denominador, pinakamababang karaniwang denominador

pinakamaliit na karaniwang denominador, pinakamababang karaniwang denominador

Ex: To add the fractions 1/4 and 1/6 , we first find the least common denominator, which is 12. 

Upang idagdag ang mga praksyon na 1/4 at 1/6, una naming hanapin ang pinakamaliit na common denominator, na 12.

probability
probability
[Pangngalan]

(mathematics) a number representing the chances of something specific happening

posibilidad

posibilidad

Ex: She calculated the probability of her team winning based on past performances. 
median
median
[Pangngalan]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

median, gitnang halaga

median, gitnang halaga

Ex: In the set {2, 5, 8, 10, 12}, the median is 8, as it is the middle value when arranged in ascending order. 

Sa set {2, 5, 8, 10, 12}, ang median ay 8, dahil ito ang gitnang halaga kapag inayos sa pataas na pagkakasunud-sunod.

mode
mode
[Pangngalan]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

moda, pinakamadalas na halaga

moda, pinakamadalas na halaga

bimodal
bimodal
[pang-uri]

having or involving two distinct modes, peaks, or most frequent values

bimodal, may dalawang moda

bimodal, may dalawang moda

Ex: The bimodal distribution of exam scores indicated two groups of students with different performance levels. 

Ang bimodal na distribusyon ng mga marka sa pagsusulit ay nagpapahiwatig ng dalawang grupo ng mga mag-aaral na may iba't ibang antas ng pagganap.

to estimate
to estimate
[Pandiwa]

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

tantiyahin, hatiin

tantiyahin, hatiin

Ex: I estimate that there are about 100 people at the party. 

Tinataya ko na may mga 100 tao sa party.

frequency
frequency
[Pangngalan]

the number of times a particular event occurs within a specific period or among a set of observations

dalas

dalas

Ex: The frequency of heads in 100 coin flips was 52. 

Ang dalas ng mga ulo sa 100 paghagis ng barya ay 52.

distribution
distribution
[Pangngalan]

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing how often each occurs, either observed or theoretical

pamamahagi, pamamahagi ng datos

pamamahagi, pamamahagi ng datos

Ex: The histogram shows the distribution of exam scores. 

Ipinapakita ng histogram ang pamamahagi ng mga marka sa pagsusulit.

standard deviation
standard deviation
[Pangngalan]

a measure of how much the values in a set typically differ from the average

karaniwang paglihis, standard na paglihis

karaniwang paglihis, standard na paglihis

Ex: A low standard deviation indicates that the data points are close to the mean. 

Ang mababang standard deviation ay nagpapahiwatig na ang mga data point ay malapit sa mean.

margin of error
margin of error
[Pangngalan]

the range within which the true value is expected to fall, accounting for potential inaccuracies in measurement or sampling

margin ng error, saklaw ng error

margin ng error, saklaw ng error

Ex: The poll results have a margin of error of ±3%, indicating the possible range of true public opinion. 

Ang mga resulta ng survey ay may margin of error na ±3%, na nagpapahiwatig ng posibleng saklaw ng tunay na opinyon ng publiko.

random
random
[pang-uri]

occurring in such a way that each possible outcome has a certain probability of occurring, but the specific outcome cannot be predicted with certainty

random, hindi inaasahan

random, hindi inaasahan

Ex: A random sample is selected from the population in such a way that each member has an equal chance of being chosen. 

Ang isang random na sample ay pinili mula sa populasyon sa paraang ang bawat miyembro ay may pantay na pagkakataon na mapili.

trend line
trend line
[Pangngalan]

a straight line drawn through a set of data points on a graph to represent the general direction or pattern of the data

linya ng trend, linya ng uso

linya ng trend, linya ng uso

Ex: The trend line on the stock chart indicates a steady increase in prices over the past year. 

Ang trend line sa stock chart ay nagpapakita ng tuluy-tuloy na pagtaas ng mga presyo sa nakaraang taon.

dot plot
dot plot
[Pangngalan]

a type of statistical chart consisting of dots that represent individual data points

tuldok na plot, graph na may tuldok

tuldok na plot, graph na may tuldok

Ex: The teacher used a dot plot to show the distribution of test scores in the class. 

Ginamit ng guro ang isang dot plot upang ipakita ang distribusyon ng mga marka ng pagsusulit sa klase.

linear model
linear model
[Pangngalan]

a mathematical representation that describes the relationship between two or more variables using a linear equation

linyar na modelo, modelo ng linyar na regresyon

linyar na modelo, modelo ng linyar na regresyon

Ex: The linear model y=2x+3 suggests that for every unit increase in x, y increases by 2. 

Ang linear model na y=2x+3 ay nagmumungkahi na para sa bawat pagtaas ng isang unit sa x, tumataas ang y ng 2.

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