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Matemáticas y Evaluación ACT - Aritmética y Estadísticas

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la aritmética y la estadística, como "estimación", "mediana", "divisible", etc., que te ayudarán a sobresalir en tus ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Math and Assessment
integer
integer
[Sustantivo]

any number without fractions or decimals, including positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero

entero

entero

Ex: The numbers -3, 0, and 7 are all integers. 
fraction
fraction
[Sustantivo]

a number obtained by dividing one integer or rational number by another, typically written in the form a/b

fracción, quebrado

fracción, quebrado

Ex: One-half (1/2) is a simple fraction. 
decimal
decimal
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.

decimal

decimal

Ex: In mathematics, decimals are a way to represent fractions or portions of a whole using a decimal point. 
mean
mean
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

medio

medio

Ex: To find the mean of 4, 6, and 8, add them together and divide by 3. 
average
average
[Adjetivo]

calculated by adding a set of numbers together and dividing this amount by the total number of amounts in that set

medio, promedio

medio, promedio

Ex: His average score in math class is 85%. 
mixed number
mixed number
[Sustantivo]

a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction

número mixto, fracción mixta

número mixto, fracción mixta

Ex: When working with measurements, such as lengths or amounts, we often encounter mixed numbers instead of whole numbers. 
prime number
prime number
[Sustantivo]

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

número primo

número primo

Ex: 7 is a prime number because its only divisors are 1 and 7. 
rational number
rational number
[Sustantivo]

a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

número racional

número racional

Ex: 3/4 is a rational number because it can be written as a fraction of two integers. 
irrational number
irrational number
[Sustantivo]

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

número irracional

número irracional

Ex: The square root of 2 is an irrational number. 
complex number
complex number
[Sustantivo]

a number that has both a real part and a part involving a unit that, when squared, gives a negative result

número complejo, complejo

número complejo, complejo

Ex: Multiplying a complex number by its conjugate results in a real number. 
real number
real number
[Sustantivo]

any number that can be found on the number line, including both positive and negative numbers, zero, and fractions

número real, real

número real, real

Ex: The number 5 is a real number because it can be located on the number line. 
whole number
whole number
[Sustantivo]

any positive number without fractions or decimals, including zero

número entero, entero natural

número entero, entero natural

Ex: The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on are all whole numbers. 
root
root
[Sustantivo]

a value that, when multiplied by itself a specified number of times, results in the given number

raíz, radical

raíz, radical

Ex: The square root of 16 is 4. 
range
range
[Sustantivo]

the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of numbers

rango, amplitud

rango, amplitud

Ex: The range of exam scores in the class was 40 points, from a low of 55 to a high of 95. 
solution
solution
[Sustantivo]

a correct answer to a problem in mathematics or a puzzle

solución

solución

Ex: After careful analysis, she found the solution to the complex algebraic equation. 
product
product
[Sustantivo]

the result of multiplying two or more numbers or quantities together

producto, resultado de la multiplicación

producto, resultado de la multiplicación

Ex: The product of 3 and 4 is 12. 
factor
factor
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) one of the numbers that another number can be divided by

factor

factor

Ex: A factor of a number divides it evenly without leaving a remainder. 
value
value
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) an amount that is shown by a sign or letter

valor

valor

Ex: In algebra, variables represent unknown values that can be determined through equations. 
inequality
inequality
[Sustantivo]

a statement that compares two quantities, expressions, or values and indicates their relative sizes

desigualdad

desigualdad

Ex: The inequality x>5 represents all real numbers greater than 5. 
equation
equation
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

ecuación

ecuación

Ex: In algebra, solving equations involves finding the values of variables that satisfy the equality stated. 
minimum
minimum
[Adjetivo]

having the least or smallest amount possible

mínimo

mínimo

Ex: The minimum requirement for admission to the program is a bachelor's degree. 
exponential
exponential
[Sustantivo]

a mathematical expression where a number is multiplied by itself a certain number of times determined by a variable

exponencial, función exponencial

exponencial, función exponencial

Ex: In population studies, the growth can often be modeled by an exponential. 
arithmetic sequence

a sequence of numbers in which the difference between any two consecutive terms is constant

secuencia aritmética, sucesión aritmética

secuencia aritmética, sucesión aritmética

Ex: In the arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, ..., each term increases by 3, which is the common difference. 
divisible
divisible
[Adjetivo]

having the quality of being divided, especially by a number

divisible

divisible

to square
to square
[Verbo]

to multiply a value or number by itself

elevar al cuadrado, cuadrar

elevar al cuadrado, cuadrar

Ex: Squaring 5 gives you 5 × 5, which equals 25. 
improper fraction
improper fraction
[Sustantivo]

a fraction where the the top number is greater than or equal to the equal to the bottom number

fracción impropia

fracción impropia

Ex: To compare improper fractions, you can convert them to decimal form. 
quotient
quotient
[Sustantivo]

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

cociente

cociente

Ex: In the division problem 12 ÷ 4, the quotient is 3. 
common ratio
common ratio
[Sustantivo]

the constant ratio between consecutive terms

razón común, relación común

razón común, relación común

Ex: In the geometric sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, ..., the common ratio between consecutive terms is r=3. 
common multiple
common multiple
[Sustantivo]

a number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers

múltiplo común, común múltiplo

múltiplo común, común múltiplo

Ex: The smallest common multiple of 4 and 5 is 20. 
common factor
common factor
[Sustantivo]

a number that divides exactly into two or more given numbers without leaving a remainder

factor común, divisor común

factor común, divisor común

Ex: The common factors of 12 and 18 include 1, 2, 3, and 6. 
common denominator
common denominator
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions

común denominador

común denominador

least common denominator

the smallest positive integer that is a common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions

mínimo común denominador, denominador común más pequeño

mínimo común denominador, denominador común más pequeño

Ex: Finding the least common denominator is a crucial step in solving problems that involve multiple fractions. 
probability
probability
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a number representing the chances of something specific happening

probabilidad

probabilidad

Ex: The probability of rolling a six on a fair die is one-sixth. 
median
median
[Sustantivo]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

mediana, valor mediano

mediana, valor mediano

Ex: In the set {2, 5, 8, 10, 12}, the median is 8, as it is the middle value when arranged in ascending order. 
mode
mode
[Sustantivo]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

moda, valor modal

moda, valor modal

bimodal
bimodal
[Adjetivo]

having or involving two distinct modes, peaks, or most frequent values

bimodal, con dos modas

bimodal, con dos modas

Ex: The bimodal distribution of exam scores indicated two groups of students with different performance levels. 
to estimate

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

estimar

estimar

Ex: I estimate that there are about 100 people at the party. 
frequency
frequency
[Sustantivo]

the number of times a particular event occurs within a specific period or among a set of observations

frecuencia

frecuencia

Ex: The frequency of heads in 100 coin flips was 52. 
distribution
distribution
[Sustantivo]

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing how often each occurs, either observed or theoretical

distribución, reparto

distribución, reparto

Ex: The histogram shows the distribution of exam scores. 
standard deviation
standard deviation
[Sustantivo]

a measure of how much the values in a set typically differ from the average

desviación estándar, desviación típica

desviación estándar, desviación típica

Ex: A low standard deviation indicates that the data points are close to the mean. 
margin of error
margin of error
[Sustantivo]

the range within which the true value is expected to fall, accounting for potential inaccuracies in measurement or sampling

margen de error, intervalo de error

margen de error, intervalo de error

Ex: The poll results have a margin of error of ±3%, indicating the possible range of true public opinion. 
random
random
[Adjetivo]

occurring in such a way that each possible outcome has a certain probability of occurring, but the specific outcome cannot be predicted with certainty

aleatorio, azaroso

aleatorio, azaroso

Ex: A random sample is selected from the population in such a way that each member has an equal chance of being chosen. 
trend line
trend line
[Sustantivo]

a straight line drawn through a set of data points on a graph to represent the general direction or pattern of the data

línea de tendencia, recta de tendencia

línea de tendencia, recta de tendencia

Ex: The trend line on the stock chart indicates a steady increase in prices over the past year. 
dot plot
dot plot
[Sustantivo]

a type of statistical chart consisting of dots that represent individual data points

diagrama de puntos, gráfico de puntos

diagrama de puntos, gráfico de puntos

Ex: The teacher used a dot plot to show the distribution of test scores in the class. 
linear model
linear model
[Sustantivo]

a mathematical representation that describes the relationship between two or more variables using a linear equation

modelo lineal, modelo de regresión lineal

modelo lineal, modelo de regresión lineal

Ex: The linear model y=2x+3 suggests that for every unit increase in x, y increases by 2. 
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