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Liste de Mots Niveau C1 - Politique

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur la politique, tels que "radical", "dictateur", "activisme", etc., préparés pour les apprenants de niveau C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to lobby
[verbe]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

faire du lobbying

faire du lobbying

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry has been lobbying lawmakers for faster drug approval processes .L'industrie pharmaceutique a fait du **lobbying** auprès des législateurs pour accélérer les processus d'approbation des médicaments.
to reform
[verbe]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

réformer

réformer

Ex: The school board is considering reforming the grading system to better reflect student performance .Le conseil scolaire envisage de **réformer** le système de notation pour mieux refléter les performances des élèves.
diplomatic
[Adjectif]

related to the work of keeping or creating friendly relationships between countries

diplomatique

diplomatique

Ex: Diplomatic immunity protects diplomats from prosecution in host countries.L'**immunité diplomatique** protège les diplomates contre les poursuites dans les pays hôtes.
sovereign
[Adjectif]

(of a country or state) self-governed and free from external control

souverain

souverain

Ex: The treaty was signed to ensure the sovereign rights of the country were respected by its neighbors .Le traité a été signé pour garantir que les droits **souverains** du pays soient respectés par ses voisins.
radical
[Adjectif]

supporting total and extreme social or political changes

radical

radical

Ex: The radical environmentalist group staged protests to demand immediate action on climate change .Le groupe environnementaliste **radical** a organisé des manifestations pour exiger une action immédiate contre le changement climatique.

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activisme

activisme

Ex: She has been involved in activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .Elle est impliquée dans **l'activisme** depuis son adolescence, militant pour l'égalité des genres et les droits des femmes.

a person who tries to bring about political or social change, especially someone who supports strong actions such as protests, etc.

activiste

activiste

Ex: He became an animal rights activist after witnessing the poor treatment of animals in factory farms .Il est devenu un **militant** des droits des animaux après avoir été témoin du mauvais traitement des animaux dans les fermes industrielles.

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

ambassadeur, ambassadrice

ambassadeur, ambassadrice

Ex: The newly appointed ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .Le nouvellement nommé **ambassadeur** devrait arriver dans la capitale étrangère le mois prochain pour assumer ses fonctions.

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

dictateur, dictatrice

dictateur, dictatrice

Ex: After years of suffering under the dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .Après des années de souffrance sous le **dictateur**, le peuple s'est soulevé dans une révolution pour exiger la démocratie.

someone who makes decisions about the policies that a government or organization follows

législateur, législatrice

législateur, législatrice

Ex: The policy maker's efforts to improve healthcare access have been widely praised by public health advocates .Les efforts du **décideur politique** pour améliorer l'accès aux soins de santé ont été largement salués par les défenseurs de la santé publique.

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propagande

propagande

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .L'essor des médias sociaux a facilité la diffusion rapide et large de la **propagande**.

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

autonomie

autonomie

Ex: After gaining autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .Après avoir obtenu **l'autonomie**, le pays a établi ses propres lois et structures de gouvernance.

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

constitution

constitution

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .La **constitution** de l'Afrique du Sud, adoptée en 1996, consacre les principes d'égalité et de dignité humaine comme valeurs fondamentales de la nation.

the act or process of making laws or passing a statute

législation

législation

Ex: Lobbyists from various industries work to influence the outcome of healthcare legislation in Congress .Les lobbyistes de diverses industries travaillent à influencer le résultat de la **législation** sur les soins de santé au Congrès.
mandate
[nom]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandat

mandat

Ex: The council received a mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .Le conseil a reçu un **mandat** de ses membres pour négocier de meilleures conditions de travail avec la direction.

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

bureaucratie

bureaucratie

Ex: The manager found the bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .Le manager a trouvé que la **bureaucratie** était un grand obstacle.
cabinet
[nom]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

cabinet

cabinet

Ex: The cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .Le remaniement du **cabinet** visait à apporter de nouvelles perspectives et une expertise pour résoudre les problèmes urgents de protection sociale.

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

commerce

commerce

Ex: The Department of Commerce released a report on the growth of e-commerce sales in the past year, highlighting significant trends in consumer behavior.Le Département du **Commerce** a publié un rapport sur la croissance des ventes en commerce électronique au cours de l'année dernière, mettant en évidence des tendances significatives dans le comportement des consommateurs.

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

libre-échange

libre-échange

Ex: Negotiations for a new free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .Les négociations pour un nouvel accord de **libre-échange** entre les deux pays ont été interrompues en raison de désaccords sur les tarifs agricoles.
poll
[nom]

a process in which random people are asked the same questions to find out what the general public thinks about a given subject

sondage

sondage

Ex: The results of the exit poll were surprising, showing a closer race than initially predicted by pundits.Les résultats du **sondage** sortie des urnes étaient surprenants, montrant une course plus serrée que ce que les experts avaient initialement prédit.

an association between countries, organizations, political parties, etc. in order to achieve common interests

alliance

alliance

Ex: Cultural alliances between universities foster academic exchange and collaboration in research .Les **alliances** culturelles entre les universités favorisent les échanges académiques et la collaboration dans la recherche.
ally
[nom]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

allié, alliée

allié, alliée

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.Même en temps de paix, les deux pays sont restés des **alliés** proches, travaillant ensemble sur des questions économiques et environnementales.

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coalition

coalition

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .Le syndicat a formé une **coalition** avec des organisations étudiantes pour plaider en faveur de meilleures conditions de travail et d'une éducation abordable.
coup
[nom]

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

coup d'état

coup d'état

Ex: The country 's history was marked by several unsuccessful coup attempts during its transition to democracy .L'histoire du pays a été marquée par plusieurs tentatives de **coup d'État** infructueuses lors de sa transition vers la démocratie.
exile
[nom]

the situation of someone who is sent to live in another country or city by force, particularly as a penalty or for political reasons

exil

exil

Ex: Exile often imposes emotional and psychological challenges on individuals separated from their homeland and loved ones .**L'exil** impose souvent des défis émotionnels et psychologiques aux individus séparés de leur patrie et de leurs proches.
wing
[nom]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

parti

parti

Ex: The extremist wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .L'**aile** extrémiste du mouvement a préconisé des changements radicaux dans les lois sur l'immigration et la sécurité des frontières.
treaty
[nom]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

traité

traité

Ex: The extradition treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .Le **traité** d'extradition a permis le transfert de criminels entre les deux pays pour qu'ils soient jugés.

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

capitalisme

capitalisme

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift towards capitalism in those countries .L'effondrement des régimes socialistes en Europe de l'Est a marqué un virage vers le **capitalisme** dans ces pays.

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

communisme

communisme

Ex: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of an era for state-controlled communism in Eastern Europe .L'effondrement de l'Union soviétique en 1991 a marqué la fin d'une ère pour le **communisme** contrôlé par l'État en Europe de l'Est.

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

extrémisme, fanatisme

extrémisme, fanatisme

Ex: Efforts to combat extremism must focus on education and promoting tolerance to prevent radicalization .Les efforts pour combattre **l'extrémisme** doivent se concentrer sur l'éducation et la promotion de la tolérance pour prévenir la radicalisation.
fascism
[nom]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

fascisme

fascisme

Ex: The resistance movement fought bravely against the spread of fascism during World War II .Le mouvement de résistance a combattu courageusement contre la propagation du **fascisme** pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

fédéralisme

fédéralisme

Ex: The principles of federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .Les principes du **fédéralisme** ont été conçus pour protéger la souveraineté des États individuels tout en maintenant un gouvernement national unifié.

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

mondialisme

mondialisme

Ex: Globalism challenges traditional notions of sovereignty , as multinational organizations and agreements often influence national policies .Le **mondialisme** remet en question les notions traditionnelles de souveraineté, car les organisations et accords multinationaux influencent souvent les politiques nationales.

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

libéralisme

libéralisme

Ex: Critics argue that liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .Les critiques soutiennent que le **libéralisme** peut parfois négliger les besoins des groupes marginalisés, mais ses partisans croient que la liberté personnelle et les institutions démocratiques profitent finalement à tous.

a political and economic principle in which main industries are controlled by the government and that wealth is equally divided among citizens

socialisme

socialisme

Ex: Proponents of socialism argue that it can reduce economic inequality and provide better social services , such as healthcare and education , for all citizens .Les partisans du **socialisme** soutiennent qu'il peut réduire les inégalités économiques et offrir de meilleurs services sociaux, tels que les soins de santé et l'éducation, à tous les citoyens.
administrative
[Adjectif]

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

administratif

administratif

Ex: Administrative procedures streamline workflow and improve efficiency in the workplace .Les procédures **administratives** rationalisent le flux de travail et améliorent l'efficacité sur le lieu de travail.
congressional
[Adjectif]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

du congrès

du congrès

Ex: The congressional budget process determines federal spending priorities .Le processus budgétaire **congressionnel** détermine les priorités de dépenses fédérales.
constitutional
[Adjectif]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

constitutionnel

constitutionnel

Ex: Constitutional reforms aimed to modernize the legal framework and enhance democratic governance .Les réformes **constitutionnelles** visaient à moderniser le cadre juridique et à renforcer la gouvernance démocratique.
electoral
[Adjectif]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

électoral

électoral

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .La participation **électorale** aux dernières élections était plus élevée que prévu, indiquant un engagement civique accru.
interim
[Adjectif]

intended to last only until something permanent is presented

transitoire

transitoire

Ex: The council implemented interim measures to address the crisis until a full plan was developed .Le conseil a mis en œuvre des mesures **intérimaires** pour faire face à la crise jusqu'à ce qu'un plan complet soit élaboré.

a set of rules and appropriate behavior that officials use on formal occasions

protocole

protocole

Ex: In courtroom proceedings , there are protocols for addressing the judge , presenting evidence , and conducting cross-examinations .Dans les procédures judiciaires, il existe des **protocoles** pour s'adresser au juge, présenter des preuves et mener des contre-interrogatoires.
to table
[verbe]

to formally bring up a proposal, discussion, etc. at a meeting for consideration

proposer, soumettre

proposer, soumettre

Ex: The union representatives will table their concerns about working conditions during negotiations .Les représentants syndicaux vont **mettre sur la table** leurs préoccupations concernant les conditions de travail lors des négociations.

a group of people who work for and accompany a person of power or fame

entourage, suite

entourage, suite

Ex: She felt overwhelmed by the attention her sudden fame brought , as her entourage grew larger with each public appearance .Elle se sentait submergée par l'attention que sa soudaine célébrité a apportée, alors que son **entourage** grandissait à chaque apparition publique.

a policy of giving in to the demands of others in order to maintain peace, often at the cost of one's own principles or values

apaisement

apaisement

Ex: Critics argued that the government 's appeasement of corporate interests undermined its commitment to environmental protection .Les critiques ont soutenu que **l'apaisement** du gouvernement envers les intérêts corporatifs sapait son engagement envers la protection de l'environnement.
Liste de Mots Niveau C1
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