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سی ون سطح کی الفاظ کی فہرست - Politics

یہاں آپ سیاست کے بارے میں انگریزی کے کچھ الفاظ سیکھیں گے، جیسے "بنیاد پرست"، "ڈکٹیٹر"، "ایکٹوزم" وغیرہ جو C1 سیکھنے والوں کے لیے تیار کیے گئے ہیں۔

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to lobby
[فعل]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

لابی کرنا, سیاسی دباؤ ڈالنا

لابی کرنا, سیاسی دباؤ ڈالنا

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry has lobbying lawmakers for faster drug approval processes .
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to reform
[فعل]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

اصلاح کرنا, ترمیم کرنا

اصلاح کرنا, ترمیم کرنا

Ex: The school board is reforming the grading system to better reflect student performance .
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diplomatic
[صفت]

related to the work of keeping or creating friendly relationships between countries

سفارتی, دپلومیٹک

سفارتی, دپلومیٹک

Ex: Diplomatic immunity protects diplomats from prosecution in host countries.
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sovereign
[صفت]

(of a country or state) self-governed and free from external control

خودمختار, حکومتی خود مختاری

خودمختار, حکومتی خود مختاری

Ex: The treaty was signed to ensure sovereign rights of the country were respected by its neighbors .
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radical
[صفت]

supporting total and extreme social or political changes

انتہاپسند, جذباتی

انتہاپسند, جذباتی

Ex: radical environmentalist group staged protests to demand immediate action on climate change .
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activism
[اسم]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

ایکٹی وسن, تحریک پسندی

ایکٹی وسن, تحریک پسندی

Ex: She has been involved activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .
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activist
[اسم]

a person who tries to bring about political or social change, especially someone who supports strong actions such as protests, etc.

فعال, سماجی کارکن

فعال, سماجی کارکن

Ex: He became an activist after witnessing the poor treatment of animals in factory farms .
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ambassador
[اسم]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

سفیر, مکرم

سفیر, مکرم

Ex: The newly ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .
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dictator
[اسم]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

ڈکٹیٹر, تھرتھراتی حکومت کا حکمران

ڈکٹیٹر, تھرتھراتی حکومت کا حکمران

Ex: After years of suffering under dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .
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policy maker
[اسم]

someone who makes decisions about the policies that a government or organization follows

پالیسی ساز, پالیسی بنانے والا

پالیسی ساز, پالیسی بنانے والا

Ex: policy maker's efforts to improve healthcare access have been widely praised by public health advocates .
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propaganda
[اسم]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

پروپیگنڈا, تشہیر

پروپیگنڈا, تشہیر

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to propaganda quickly and widely .
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autonomy
[اسم]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

خودمختاری, خود اختیاری

خودمختاری, خود اختیاری

Ex: After autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .
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constitution
[اسم]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

آئین, تنظیم

آئین, تنظیم

Ex: constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .
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legislation
[اسم]

the act or process of making laws or passing a statute

قانون سازی, تشریعات

قانون سازی, تشریعات

Ex: Lobbyists from various industries work to influence the outcome of legislation in Congress .
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mandate
[اسم]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

مینڈیٹ, اختیار

مینڈیٹ, اختیار

Ex: The council received mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .
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bureaucracy
[اسم]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

بیوروکریسی, انتظامی نظام

بیوروکریسی, انتظامی نظام

Ex: The manager found bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .
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cabinet
[اسم]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

کابینہ, مشیران

کابینہ, مشیران

Ex: cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .
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commerce
[اسم]

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

تجارت, تجارتی تعلقات

تجارت, تجارتی تعلقات

Ex: The Department of Commerce released a report on the growth of e-commerce sales in the past year, highlighting significant trends in consumer behavior.
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free trade
[اسم]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

آزاد تجارت, بغیر ڈیوٹی تجارت

آزاد تجارت, بغیر ڈیوٹی تجارت

Ex: Negotiations for a free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .
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poll
[اسم]

a process in which random people are asked the same questions to find out what the general public thinks about a given subject

رائے شماری, پول

رائے شماری, پول

Ex: The results of the exit poll were surprising, showing a closer race than initially predicted by pundits.
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alliance
[اسم]

an association between countries, organizations, political parties, etc. in order to achieve common interests

اتحاد, عہد

اتحاد, عہد

Ex: alliances between universities foster academic exchange and collaboration in research .
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ally
[اسم]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

اتحاد, ساتھ

اتحاد, ساتھ

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.
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coalition
[اسم]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

اتحاد, کولیشن

اتحاد, کولیشن

Ex: The trade union formed coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .
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coup
[اسم]

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

کودتا, انقلاب

کودتا, انقلاب

Ex: The country 's history was marked by several coup attempts during its transition to democracy .
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exile
[اسم]

the situation of someone who is sent to live in another country or city by force, particularly as a penalty or for political reasons

جلاوطنی, نَفَی

جلاوطنی, نَفَی

Ex: Exile often imposes emotional and psychological challenges on individuals separated from their homeland and loved ones .
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wing
[اسم]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

سیاسی بیان, پارٹی کا شعبہ

سیاسی بیان, پارٹی کا شعبہ

Ex: The wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .
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treaty
[اسم]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

معاہدہ, عہد

معاہدہ, عہد

Ex: The treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .
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capitalism
[اسم]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

سرمایہ داری, سرمایہ دارانہ نظام

سرمایہ داری, سرمایہ دارانہ نظام

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift capitalism in those countries .
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communism
[اسم]

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

سوشلزم, کمیونزم

سوشلزم, کمیونزم

Ex: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of an era for communism in Eastern Europe .
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extremism
[اسم]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

انتہا پسندی, انتہاپسندی

انتہا پسندی, انتہاپسندی

Ex: Efforts to extremism must focus on education and promoting tolerance to prevent radicalization .
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fascism
[اسم]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

فاشزم, فاشسٹری

فاشزم, فاشسٹری

Ex: The resistance movement fought bravely against the spread fascism during World War II .
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federalism
[اسم]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

وفاقیت, فیڈرلزم

وفاقیت, فیڈرلزم

Ex: The principles federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .
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globalism
[اسم]

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

عالمی نظریہ, عالمگیریت

عالمی نظریہ, عالمگیریت

Ex: Globalism challenges traditional notions of sovereignty , as multinational organizations and agreements often influence national policies .
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liberalism
[اسم]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

لبرل ازم, آزاد خیالی

لبرل ازم, آزاد خیالی

Ex: Critics argue liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .
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socialism
[اسم]

a political and economic principle in which main industries are controlled by the government and that wealth is equally divided among citizens

سوشلزم, سماجی نظریہ

سوشلزم, سماجی نظریہ

Ex: Proponents socialism argue that it can reduce economic inequality and provide better social services , such as healthcare and education , for all citizens .
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related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

انتظامی, ادارتی

انتظامی, ادارتی

Ex: Administrative procedures streamline workflow and improve efficiency in the workplace .
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relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

کانگریسی, قومی اسمبلی سے متعلق

کانگریسی, قومی اسمبلی سے متعلق

Ex: congressional budget process determines federal spending priorities .
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relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

آئینی, دستوری

آئینی, دستوری

Ex: Constitutional reforms aimed to modernize the legal framework and enhance democratic governance .
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electoral
[صفت]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

انتخابی, رائے دہی سے متعلق

انتخابی, رائے دہی سے متعلق

Ex: electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .
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interim
[صفت]

intended to last only until something permanent is presented

عَرضی, عارضی

عَرضی, عارضی

Ex: The council interim measures to address the crisis until a full plan was developed .
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protocol
[اسم]

a set of rules and appropriate behavior that officials use on formal occasions

پروٹوکول, آئین

پروٹوکول, آئین

Ex: In courtroom proceedings , there protocols for addressing the judge , presenting evidence , and conducting cross-examinations .
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to table
[فعل]

to formally bring up a proposal, discussion, etc. at a meeting for consideration

پیش کرنا, تعارف دینا

پیش کرنا, تعارف دینا

Ex: The union representatives table their concerns about working conditions during negotiations .
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entourage
[اسم]

a group of people who work for and accompany a person of power or fame

حفاظتی دستہ, عملہ

حفاظتی دستہ, عملہ

Ex: She felt overwhelmed by the attention her sudden fame brought , as entourage grew larger with each public appearance .
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appeasement
[اسم]

a policy of giving in to the demands of others in order to maintain peace, often at the cost of one's own principles or values

تسکین, رضامندی کی پالیسی

تسکین, رضامندی کی پالیسی

Ex: Critics argued that the governmentappeasement of corporate interests undermined its commitment to environmental protection .
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