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Daftar Kata Level C1 - Politics

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang politik, seperti "radikal", "diktator", "aktivisme", dll., yang disiapkan untuk pembelajar tingkat C1.

Tinjauan

Kartu flash

Ejaan

Kuis

CEFR C1 Vocabulary

[kata kerja]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

melobi, menekan

melobi, menekan

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry has been lobbying lawmakers for faster drug approval processes .Industri farmasi telah **melobi** pembuat undang-undang untuk mempercepat proses persetujuan obat.

Tutup

[kata kerja]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

mereformasi, memperbaiki

mereformasi, memperbaiki

Ex: The school board is considering reforming the grading system to better reflect student performance .Dewan sekolah sedang mempertimbangkan untuk **mereformasi** sistem penilaian agar lebih mencerminkan kinerja siswa.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

related to the work of keeping or creating friendly relationships between countries

diplomatik, berkaitan dengan diplomasi

diplomatik, berkaitan dengan diplomasi

Ex: Diplomatic immunity protects diplomats from prosecution in host countries.**Kekebalan diplomatik** melindungi diplomat dari penuntutan di negara tuan rumah.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

(of a country or state) self-governed and free from external control

berdaulat

berdaulat

Ex: The treaty was signed to ensure the sovereign rights of the country were respected by its neighbors .Perjanjian itu ditandatangani untuk memastikan bahwa hak **berdaulat** negara dihormati oleh tetangganya.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

supporting total and extreme social or political changes

radikal

radikal

Ex: The radical environmentalist group staged protests to demand immediate action on climate change .Kelompok lingkungan **radikal** menggelar protes untuk menuntut tindakan segera terhadap perubahan iklim.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

aktivisme, perjuangan

aktivisme, perjuangan

Ex: She has been involved in activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .Dia terlibat dalam **aktivisme** sejak masa remajanya, memperjuangkan kesetaraan gender dan hak-hak perempuan.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a person who tries to bring about political or social change, especially someone who supports strong actions such as protests, etc.

aktivis, pejuang

aktivis, pejuang

Ex: He became an animal rights activist after witnessing the poor treatment of animals in factory farms .Dia menjadi seorang **aktivis** hak-hak hewan setelah menyaksikan perlakuan buruk terhadap hewan di peternakan pabrik.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

duta besar, utusan

duta besar, utusan

Ex: The newly appointed ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .Duta besar yang baru ditunjuk diperkirakan akan tiba di ibu kota asing bulan depan untuk menjalankan tugasnya.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

diktator, tiran

diktator, tiran

Ex: After years of suffering under the dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .Setelah bertahun-tahun menderita di bawah **diktator**, rakyat bangkit dalam revolusi untuk menuntut demokrasi.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

someone who makes decisions about the policies that a government or organization follows

pembuat kebijakan, penentu kebijakan

pembuat kebijakan, penentu kebijakan

Ex: The policy maker's efforts to improve healthcare access have been widely praised by public health advocates .Upaya **pembuat kebijakan** untuk meningkatkan akses layanan kesehatan telah dipuji secara luas oleh para advokat kesehatan masyarakat.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .Kemunculan media sosial telah memudahkan penyebaran **propaganda** dengan cepat dan luas.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

otonomi

otonomi

Ex: After gaining autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .Setelah mendapatkan **otonomi**, negara tersebut menetapkan hukum dan struktur pemerintahan sendiri.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

konstitusi

konstitusi

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .**Konstitusi** Afrika Selatan, yang diadopsi pada tahun 1996, menetapkan prinsip-prinsip kesetaraan dan martabat manusia sebagai nilai inti bangsa.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the act or process of making laws or passing a statute

perundang-undangan, undang-undang

perundang-undangan, undang-undang

Ex: Lobbyists from various industries work to influence the outcome of healthcare legislation in Congress .Para pelobi dari berbagai industri bekerja untuk mempengaruhi hasil **undang-undang** perawatan kesehatan di Kongres.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandat, wewenang

mandat, wewenang

Ex: The council received a mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .Dewan menerima **mandat** dari anggotanya untuk menegosiasikan kondisi kerja yang lebih baik dengan manajemen.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

birokrasi, administrasi birokratis

birokrasi, administrasi birokratis

Ex: The manager found the bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .Manajer menemukan **birokrasi** sebagai hambatan besar.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

kabinet

kabinet

Ex: The cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .Reshuffle **kabinet** bertujuan untuk membawa perspektif dan keahlian baru dalam menangani masalah kesejahteraan sosial yang mendesak.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

perdagangan

perdagangan

Ex: The Department of Commerce released a report on the growth of e-commerce sales in the past year, highlighting significant trends in consumer behavior.Departemen **Perdagangan** merilis laporan tentang pertumbuhan penjualan e-commerce tahun lalu, menyoroti tren signifikan dalam perilaku konsumen.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

perdagangan bebas, perniagaan bebas

perdagangan bebas, perniagaan bebas

Ex: Negotiations for a new free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .Perundingan untuk kesepakatan **perdagangan bebas** baru antara kedua negara terhenti karena ketidaksepakatan atas tarif pertanian.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a process in which random people are asked the same questions to find out what the general public thinks about a given subject

jajak pendapat, survei

jajak pendapat, survei

Ex: The results of the exit poll were surprising, showing a closer race than initially predicted by pundits.Hasil **jajak pendapat** keluar dari tempat pemungutan suara mengejutkan, menunjukkan perlombaan yang lebih ketat daripada yang awalnya diprediksi oleh para ahli.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an association between countries, organizations, political parties, etc. in order to achieve common interests

aliansi

aliansi

Ex: Cultural alliances between universities foster academic exchange and collaboration in research .**Aliansi** budaya antara universitas mendorong pertukaran akademik dan kolaborasi dalam penelitian.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

sekutu, mitra

sekutu, mitra

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.Bahkan di masa damai, kedua negara tetap menjadi **sekutu** dekat, bekerja sama dalam masalah ekonomi dan lingkungan.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

koalisi, aliansi

koalisi, aliansi

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .Serikat pekerja membentuk **koalisi** dengan organisasi mahasiswa untuk memperjuangkan kondisi kerja yang lebih baik dan pendidikan yang terjangkau.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

kudeta

kudeta

Ex: The country 's history was marked by several unsuccessful coup attempts during its transition to democracy .Sejarah negara ini ditandai oleh beberapa upaya **kudeta** yang tidak berhasil selama transisinya menuju demokrasi.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the situation of someone who is sent to live in another country or city by force, particularly as a penalty or for political reasons

pengasingan, pembuangan

pengasingan, pembuangan

Ex: Exile often imposes emotional and psychological challenges on individuals separated from their homeland and loved ones .**Pengasingan** seringkali memberlakukan tantangan emosional dan psikologis pada individu yang terpisah dari tanah air dan orang yang dicintai.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

sayap, fraksi

sayap, fraksi

Ex: The extremist wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .**Sayap** ekstrem dari gerakan tersebut mengadvokasi perubahan radikal dalam hukum imigrasi dan keamanan perbatasan.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

perjanjian

perjanjian

Ex: The extradition treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .**Perjanjian** ekstradisi memungkinkan transfer penjahat antara dua negara untuk menghadapi keadilan.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

kapitalisme, sistem kapitalis

kapitalisme, sistem kapitalis

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift towards capitalism in those countries .Runtuhnya rezim sosialis di Eropa Timur menandai pergeseran menuju **kapitalisme** di negara-negara tersebut.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

komunisme, sistem komunis

komunisme, sistem komunis

Ex: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of an era for state-controlled communism in Eastern Europe .Runtuhnya Uni Soviet pada tahun 1991 menandai akhir dari sebuah era untuk **komunisme** yang dikendalikan negara di Eropa Timur.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

ekstremisme, radikalisme

ekstremisme, radikalisme

Ex: Efforts to combat extremism must focus on education and promoting tolerance to prevent radicalization .Upaya untuk memerangi **ekstremisme** harus fokus pada pendidikan dan mempromosikan toleransi untuk mencegah radikalisasi.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

fasisme

fasisme

Ex: The resistance movement fought bravely against the spread of fascism during World War II .Gerakan perlawanan berjuang dengan berani melawan penyebaran **fasisme** selama Perang Dunia II.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalisme

federalisme

Ex: The principles of federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .Prinsip-prinsip **federalisme** dirancang untuk melindungi kedaulatan negara bagian individu sambil mempertahankan pemerintah nasional yang bersatu.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

globalisme, pandangan dunia

globalisme, pandangan dunia

Ex: Globalism challenges traditional notions of sovereignty , as multinational organizations and agreements often influence national policies .**Globalisme** menantang gagasan tradisional tentang kedaulatan, karena organisasi dan perjanjian multinasional sering mempengaruhi kebijakan nasional.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalisme, doktrin liberal

liberalisme, doktrin liberal

Ex: Critics argue that liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .Para kritikus berpendapat bahwa **liberalisme** terkadang dapat mengabaikan kebutuhan kelompok marginal, tetapi para pendukungnya percaya bahwa kebebasan pribadi dan institusi demokratis pada akhirnya menguntungkan semua orang.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a political and economic principle in which main industries are controlled by the government and that wealth is equally divided among citizens

sosialisme, sistem sosialis

sosialisme, sistem sosialis

Ex: Proponents of socialism argue that it can reduce economic inequality and provide better social services , such as healthcare and education , for all citizens .Pendukung **sosialisme** berpendapat bahwa hal itu dapat mengurangi ketimpangan ekonomi dan menyediakan layanan sosial yang lebih baik, seperti perawatan kesehatan dan pendidikan, untuk semua warga negara.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

administratif

administratif

Ex: Administrative procedures streamline workflow and improve efficiency in the workplace .Prosedur **administratif** menyederhanakan alur kerja dan meningkatkan efisiensi di tempat kerja.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

kongres, milik Kongres

kongres, milik Kongres

Ex: The congressional budget process determines federal spending priorities .Proses anggaran **kongres** menentukan prioritas pengeluaran federal.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

konstitusional, sesuai konstitusi

konstitusional, sesuai konstitusi

Ex: Constitutional reforms aimed to modernize the legal framework and enhance democratic governance .Reformasi **konstitusional** bertujuan untuk memodernisasi kerangka hukum dan meningkatkan tata kelola demokratis.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

elektoral, berkaitan dengan pemilihan

elektoral, berkaitan dengan pemilihan

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .Partisipasi **pemilu** dalam pemilihan terakhir lebih tinggi dari yang diharapkan, menunjukkan peningkatan keterlibatan warga.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

intended to last only until something permanent is presented

sementara, interim

sementara, interim

Ex: The council implemented interim measures to address the crisis until a full plan was developed .Dewan menerapkan tindakan **sementara** untuk mengatasi krisis sampai rencana penuh dikembangkan.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a set of rules and appropriate behavior that officials use on formal occasions

protokol, tata krama

protokol, tata krama

Ex: In courtroom proceedings , there are protocols for addressing the judge , presenting evidence , and conducting cross-examinations .Dalam proses pengadilan, ada **protokol** untuk menyapa hakim, menyajikan bukti, dan melakukan pemeriksaan silang.

Tutup

[kata kerja]

to formally bring up a proposal, discussion, etc. at a meeting for consideration

mengajukan, mengusulkan

mengajukan, mengusulkan

Ex: The union representatives will table their concerns about working conditions during negotiations .Perwakilan serikat pekerja akan **mengajukan** kekhawatiran mereka tentang kondisi kerja selama negosiasi.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a group of people who work for and accompany a person of power or fame

rombongan, pengiring

rombongan, pengiring

Ex: She felt overwhelmed by the attention her sudden fame brought , as her entourage grew larger with each public appearance .Dia merasa kewalahan oleh perhatian yang dibawa oleh ketenarannya yang tiba-tiba, sementara **rombongan**nya bertambah besar dengan setiap penampilan publik.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a policy of giving in to the demands of others in order to maintain peace, often at the cost of one's own principles or values

penenangan

penenangan

Ex: Critics argued that the government 's appeasement of corporate interests undermined its commitment to environmental protection .Para kritikus berpendapat bahwa **penenangan** pemerintah terhadap kepentingan korporasi melemahkan komitmennya terhadap perlindungan lingkungan.

Tutup

Daftar Kata Level C1

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