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Lista Słówek Poziomu C1 - Politics

Tutaj nauczysz się kilku angielskich słów związanych z polityką, takich jak „radykalny”, „dyktator”, „aktywizm” itp., przygotowanych dla uczniów C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to lobby
[Czasownik]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

lobbować, wywierać wpływ na polityków

lobbować, wywierać wpływ na polityków

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry has lobbying lawmakers for faster drug approval processes .
to reform
[Czasownik]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

reformować, poprawiać

reformować, poprawiać

Ex: The school board is reforming the grading system to better reflect student performance .
diplomatic
[przymiotnik]

related to the work of keeping or creating friendly relationships between countries

dyplomatyczny, dyplomatyczny (w kontekście międzynarodowym)

dyplomatyczny, dyplomatyczny (w kontekście międzynarodowym)

Ex: Diplomatic immunity protects diplomats from prosecution in host countries.
sovereign
[przymiotnik]

(of a country or state) self-governed and free from external control

suwerenny, niezależny

suwerenny, niezależny

Ex: The treaty was signed to ensure sovereign rights of the country were respected by its neighbors .
radical
[przymiotnik]

supporting total and extreme social or political changes

radykalny, ekstremalny

radykalny, ekstremalny

Ex: radical environmentalist group staged protests to demand immediate action on climate change .
activism
[Rzeczownik]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

aktywizm, działalność społeczna

aktywizm, działalność społeczna

Ex: She has been involved activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .
activist
[Rzeczownik]

a person who tries to bring about political or social change, especially someone who supports strong actions such as protests, etc.

aktywistka, aktywista

aktywistka, aktywista

Ex: He became an activist after witnessing the poor treatment of animals in factory farms .
ambassador
[Rzeczownik]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

ambasador, przedstawiciel dyplomatyczny

ambasador, przedstawiciel dyplomatyczny

Ex: The newly ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .
dictator
[Rzeczownik]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

dyktator, despota

dyktator, despota

Ex: After years of suffering under dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .
policy maker
[Rzeczownik]

someone who makes decisions about the policies that a government or organization follows

decyzyjny, twórca polityki

decyzyjny, twórca polityki

Ex: policy maker's efforts to improve healthcare access have been widely praised by public health advocates .
propaganda
[Rzeczownik]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda, fałszywe informacje

propaganda, fałszywe informacje

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to propaganda quickly and widely .
autonomy
[Rzeczownik]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

autonomia, niezależność

autonomia, niezależność

Ex: After autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .
constitution
[Rzeczownik]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

konstytucja, ustawa zasadnicza

konstytucja, ustawa zasadnicza

Ex: constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .
legislation
[Rzeczownik]

the act or process of making laws or passing a statute

ustawa, legislacja

ustawa, legislacja

Ex: Lobbyists from various industries work to influence the outcome of legislation in Congress .
mandate
[Rzeczownik]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandat, upoważnienie

mandat, upoważnienie

Ex: The council received mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .
bureaucracy
[Rzeczownik]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

biurokracja, system biurokratyczny

biurokracja, system biurokratyczny

Ex: The manager found bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .
cabinet
[Rzeczownik]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

rząd, kabinet

rząd, kabinet

Ex: cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .
commerce
[Rzeczownik]

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

handel międzynarodowy, komercja międzynarodowa

handel międzynarodowy, komercja międzynarodowa

Ex: The Department of Commerce released a report on the growth of e-commerce sales in the past year, highlighting significant trends in consumer behavior.
free trade
[Rzeczownik]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

handel wolny, handel swobodny

handel wolny, handel swobodny

Ex: Negotiations for a free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .
poll
[Rzeczownik]

a process in which random people are asked the same questions to find out what the general public thinks about a given subject

sondaż, ankieta

sondaż, ankieta

Ex: The results of the exit poll were surprising, showing a closer race than initially predicted by pundits.
alliance
[Rzeczownik]

an association between countries, organizations, political parties, etc. in order to achieve common interests

sojusz, alianza

sojusz, alianza

Ex: alliances between universities foster academic exchange and collaboration in research .
ally
[Rzeczownik]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

sojusznik, sprzymierzeniec

sojusznik, sprzymierzeniec

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.
coalition
[Rzeczownik]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

koalicja, sojusz

koalicja, sojusz

Ex: The trade union formed coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .
coup
[Rzeczownik]

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

zamach stanu, przewrót

zamach stanu, przewrót

Ex: The country 's history was marked by several coup attempts during its transition to democracy .
exile
[Rzeczownik]

the situation of someone who is sent to live in another country or city by force, particularly as a penalty or for political reasons

wygnanie, ekstercja

wygnanie, ekstercja

Ex: Exile often imposes emotional and psychological challenges on individuals separated from their homeland and loved ones .
wing
[Rzeczownik]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

skrzydło, frakcja

skrzydło, frakcja

Ex: The wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .
treaty
[Rzeczownik]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

traktat, umowa międzynarodowa

traktat, umowa międzynarodowa

Ex: The treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .
capitalism
[Rzeczownik]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

kapitalizm, system kapitalistyczny

kapitalizm, system kapitalistyczny

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift capitalism in those countries .
communism
[Rzeczownik]

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

komunizm, komunizmu

komunizm, komunizmu

Ex: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of an era for communism in Eastern Europe .
extremism
[Rzeczownik]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

ekstremizm, radykalizm

ekstremizm, radykalizm

Ex: Efforts to extremism must focus on education and promoting tolerance to prevent radicalization .
fascism
[Rzeczownik]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

faszyzm, faszyzm polityczny

faszyzm, faszyzm polityczny

Ex: The resistance movement fought bravely against the spread fascism during World War II .
federalism
[Rzeczownik]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalizm, federalność

federalizm, federalność

Ex: The principles federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .
globalism
[Rzeczownik]

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

globalizm, globalność

globalizm, globalność

Ex: Globalism challenges traditional notions of sovereignty , as multinational organizations and agreements often influence national policies .
liberalism
[Rzeczownik]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalizm, liberalność

liberalizm, liberalność

Ex: Critics argue liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .
socialism
[Rzeczownik]

a political and economic principle in which main industries are controlled by the government and that wealth is equally divided among citizens

socjalizm, socjalistyczny system

socjalizm, socjalistyczny system

Ex: Proponents socialism argue that it can reduce economic inequality and provide better social services , such as healthcare and education , for all citizens .
administrative
[przymiotnik]

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

administracyjny, organizatorki

administracyjny, organizatorki

Ex: Administrative procedures streamline workflow and improve efficiency in the workplace .
congressional
[przymiotnik]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

kongresowy, kongresjonalny

kongresowy, kongresjonalny

Ex: congressional budget process determines federal spending priorities .
constitutional
[przymiotnik]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

konstytucyjny, ustawowy

konstytucyjny, ustawowy

Ex: Constitutional reforms aimed to modernize the legal framework and enhance democratic governance .
electoral
[przymiotnik]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

wyborczy, elekcyjny

wyborczy, elekcyjny

Ex: electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .
interim
[przymiotnik]

intended to last only until something permanent is presented

tymczasowy, przejściowy

tymczasowy, przejściowy

Ex: The council interim measures to address the crisis until a full plan was developed .
protocol
[Rzeczownik]

a set of rules and appropriate behavior that officials use on formal occasions

protokół, zasady dyplomatyczne

protokół, zasady dyplomatyczne

Ex: In courtroom proceedings , there protocols for addressing the judge , presenting evidence , and conducting cross-examinations .
to table
[Czasownik]

to formally bring up a proposal, discussion, etc. at a meeting for consideration

wprowadzić (do porządku obrad), złożyć (wniosek)

wprowadzić (do porządku obrad), złożyć (wniosek)

Ex: The union representatives table their concerns about working conditions during negotiations .
entourage
[Rzeczownik]

a group of people who work for and accompany a person of power or fame

entourage, otoczenie

entourage, otoczenie

Ex: She felt overwhelmed by the attention her sudden fame brought , as entourage grew larger with each public appearance .
appeasement
[Rzeczownik]

a policy of giving in to the demands of others in order to maintain peace, often at the cost of one's own principles or values

ustępstwo, polityka ustępstw

ustępstwo, polityka ustępstw

Ex: Critics argued that the governmentappeasement of corporate interests undermined its commitment to environmental protection .
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