pattern

Lista de Palabras Nivel C1 - Política

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre política, como "radical", "dictator", "activism", etc. preparadas para estudiantes de C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to lobby
[Verbo]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

ejercer presión, presionar

ejercer presión, presionar

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry has been lobbying lawmakers for faster drug approval processes .La industria farmacéutica ha estado haciendo **lobby** a los legisladores para acelerar los procesos de aprobación de medicamentos.
to reform
[Verbo]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

reformarse

reformarse

Ex: The school board is considering reforming the grading system to better reflect student performance .La junta escolar está considerando **reformar** el sistema de calificaciones para reflejar mejor el rendimiento de los estudiantes.
diplomatic
[Adjetivo]

related to the work of keeping or creating friendly relationships between countries

diplomático

diplomático

Ex: Diplomatic immunity protects diplomats from prosecution in host countries.La **inmunidad diplomática** protege a los diplomáticos de ser procesados en los países anfitriones.
sovereign
[Adjetivo]

(of a country or state) self-governed and free from external control

soberano

soberano

Ex: The treaty was signed to ensure the sovereign rights of the country were respected by its neighbors .El tratado fue firmado para garantizar que los derechos **soberanos** del país fueran respetados por sus vecinos.
radical
[Adjetivo]

supporting total and extreme social or political changes

radical

radical

Ex: The radical environmentalist group staged protests to demand immediate action on climate change .El grupo ambientalista **radical** organizó protestas para exigir acción inmediata sobre el cambio climático.
activism
[Sustantivo]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activismo

activismo

Ex: She has been involved in activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .Ella ha estado involucrada en **el activismo** desde su adolescencia, abogando por la igualdad de género y los derechos de las mujeres.
activist
[Sustantivo]

a person who tries to bring about political or social change, especially someone who supports strong actions such as protests, etc.

activista

activista

Ex: He became an animal rights activist after witnessing the poor treatment of animals in factory farms .Se convirtió en un **activista** por los derechos de los animales después de presenciar el maltrato de los animales en las granjas industriales.
ambassador
[Sustantivo]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

embajador

embajador

Ex: The newly appointed ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .Se espera que el recién nombrado **embajador** llegue a la capital extranjera el próximo mes para asumir sus funciones.
dictator
[Sustantivo]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

dictador, déspota

dictador, déspota

Ex: After years of suffering under the dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .Después de años de sufrimiento bajo el **dictador**, el pueblo se levantó en una revolución para exigir democracia.
policy maker
[Sustantivo]

someone who makes decisions about the policies that a government or organization follows

legislador

legislador

Ex: The policy maker's efforts to improve healthcare access have been widely praised by public health advocates .Los esfuerzos del **formulador de políticas** para mejorar el acceso a la atención médica han sido ampliamente elogiados por los defensores de la salud pública.
propaganda
[Sustantivo]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .El auge de las redes sociales ha facilitado la diseminación rápida y amplia de la **propaganda**.
autonomy
[Sustantivo]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

autonomía

autonomía

Ex: After gaining autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .Después de obtener **la autonomía**, el país estableció sus propias leyes y estructuras de gobierno.
constitution
[Sustantivo]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

constitución

constitución

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .La **constitución** de Sudáfrica, adoptada en 1996, consagra los principios de igualdad y dignidad humana como valores centrales de la nación.
legislation
[Sustantivo]

the act or process of making laws or passing a statute

legislación

legislación

Ex: Lobbyists from various industries work to influence the outcome of healthcare legislation in Congress .Los lobistas de diversas industrias trabajan para influir en el resultado de la **legislación** de atención médica en el Congreso.
mandate
[Sustantivo]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandato, autoridad

mandato, autoridad

Ex: The council received a mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .El consejo recibió un **mandato** de sus miembros para negociar mejores condiciones laborales con la gerencia.
bureaucracy
[Sustantivo]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

burocracia

burocracia

Ex: The manager found the bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .El gerente encontró que la **burocracia** era un gran obstáculo.
cabinet
[Sustantivo]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

gabinete, consejo de ministros

gabinete, consejo de ministros

Ex: The cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .La reorganización del **gabinete** tenía como objetivo aportar nuevas perspectivas y experiencia para abordar los urgentes problemas de bienestar social.
commerce
[Sustantivo]

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

comercio

comercio

Ex: The Department of Commerce released a report on the growth of e-commerce sales in the past year, highlighting significant trends in consumer behavior.El Departamento de **Comercio** publicó un informe sobre el crecimiento de las ventas de comercio electrónico en el último año, destacando tendencias significativas en el comportamiento del consumidor.
free trade
[Sustantivo]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

libre comercio

libre comercio

Ex: Negotiations for a new free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .Las negociaciones para un nuevo acuerdo de **libre comercio** entre los dos países se estancaron debido a desacuerdos sobre los aranceles agrícolas.
poll
[Sustantivo]

a process in which random people are asked the same questions to find out what the general public thinks about a given subject

encuesta, sondeo

encuesta, sondeo

Ex: The results of the exit poll were surprising, showing a closer race than initially predicted by pundits.Los resultados del **sondeo** a pie de urna fueron sorprendentes, mostrando una carrera más cerrada de lo que inicialmente predijeron los expertos.
alliance
[Sustantivo]

an association between countries, organizations, political parties, etc. in order to achieve common interests

alianza

alianza

Ex: Cultural alliances between universities foster academic exchange and collaboration in research .Las **alianzas** culturales entre universidades fomentan el intercambio académico y la colaboración en la investigación.
ally
[Sustantivo]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

aliado

aliado

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.Incluso en tiempos de paz, los dos países siguieron siendo **aliados** cercanos, trabajando juntos en cuestiones económicas y ambientales.
coalition
[Sustantivo]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coalición

coalición

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .El sindicato formó una **coalición** con organizaciones estudiantiles para abogar por mejores condiciones laborales y una educación asequible.
coup
[Sustantivo]

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

golpe de estado

golpe de estado

Ex: The country 's history was marked by several unsuccessful coup attempts during its transition to democracy .La historia del país estuvo marcada por varios intentos de **golpe de Estado** fallidos durante su transición a la democracia.
exile
[Sustantivo]

the situation of someone who is sent to live in another country or city by force, particularly as a penalty or for political reasons

exilio

exilio

Ex: Exile often imposes emotional and psychological challenges on individuals separated from their homeland and loved ones .**El exilio** a menudo impone desafíos emocionales y psicológicos a las personas separadas de su patria y seres queridos.
wing
[Sustantivo]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

ala

ala

Ex: The extremist wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .El **ala** extremista del movimiento abogó por cambios radicales en las leyes de inmigración y seguridad fronteriza.
treaty
[Sustantivo]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

tratado

tratado

Ex: The extradition treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .El **tratado** de extradición permitió la transferencia de criminales entre los dos países para enfrentar la justicia.
capitalism
[Sustantivo]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

capitalismo

capitalismo

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift towards capitalism in those countries .El colapso de los regímenes socialistas en Europa del Este marcó un cambio hacia el **capitalismo** en esos países.
communism
[Sustantivo]

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

comunismo

comunismo

Ex: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of an era for state-controlled communism in Eastern Europe .El colapso de la Unión Soviética en 1991 marcó el fin de una era para el **comunismo** controlado por el estado en Europa del Este.
extremism
[Sustantivo]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

extremismo

extremismo

Ex: Efforts to combat extremism must focus on education and promoting tolerance to prevent radicalization .Los esfuerzos para combatir **el extremismo** deben centrarse en la educación y la promoción de la tolerancia para prevenir la radicalización.
fascism
[Sustantivo]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

fascismo

fascismo

Ex: The resistance movement fought bravely against the spread of fascism during World War II .El movimiento de resistencia luchó valientemente contra la propagación del **fascismo** durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
federalism
[Sustantivo]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalismo

federalismo

Ex: The principles of federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .Los principios del **federalismo** fueron diseñados para proteger la soberanía de los estados individuales mientras se mantiene un gobierno nacional unificado.
globalism
[Sustantivo]

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

globalismo

globalismo

Ex: Globalism challenges traditional notions of sovereignty , as multinational organizations and agreements often influence national policies .El **globalismo** desafía las nociones tradicionales de soberanía, ya que las organizaciones y acuerdos multinacionales a menudo influyen en las políticas nacionales.
liberalism
[Sustantivo]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalismo

liberalismo

Ex: Critics argue that liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .Los críticos argumentan que el **liberalismo** a veces puede pasar por alto las necesidades de los grupos marginados, pero sus defensores creen que la libertad personal y las instituciones democráticas benefician a todos en última instancia.
socialism
[Sustantivo]

a political and economic principle in which main industries are controlled by the government and that wealth is equally divided among citizens

socialismo

socialismo

Ex: Proponents of socialism argue that it can reduce economic inequality and provide better social services , such as healthcare and education , for all citizens .Los defensores del **socialismo** argumentan que puede reducir la desigualdad económica y proporcionar mejores servicios sociales, como la atención médica y la educación, para todos los ciudadanos.
administrative
[Adjetivo]

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

administrativo

administrativo

Ex: Administrative procedures streamline workflow and improve efficiency in the workplace .Los procedimientos **administrativos** agilizan el flujo de trabajo y mejoran la eficiencia en el lugar de trabajo.
congressional
[Adjetivo]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

del congreso, legislativo

del congreso, legislativo

Ex: The congressional budget process determines federal spending priorities .El proceso presupuestario **congresional** determina las prioridades de gasto federal.
constitutional
[Adjetivo]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

constitucional

constitucional

Ex: Constitutional reforms aimed to modernize the legal framework and enhance democratic governance .Las reformas **constitucionales** tenían como objetivo modernizar el marco legal y mejorar la gobernanza democrática.
electoral
[Adjetivo]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

electoral

electoral

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .La participación **electoral** en las últimas elecciones fue más alta de lo esperado, lo que indica un mayor compromiso cívico.
interim
[Adjetivo]

intended to last only until something permanent is presented

interino, provisional

interino, provisional

Ex: The council implemented interim measures to address the crisis until a full plan was developed .El consejo implementó medidas **interinas** para abordar la crisis hasta que se desarrolló un plan completo.
protocol
[Sustantivo]

a set of rules and appropriate behavior that officials use on formal occasions

protocolo

protocolo

Ex: In courtroom proceedings , there are protocols for addressing the judge , presenting evidence , and conducting cross-examinations .En los procedimientos judiciales, existen **protocolos** para dirigirse al juez, presentar pruebas y realizar contrainterrogatorios.
to table
[Verbo]

to formally bring up a proposal, discussion, etc. at a meeting for consideration

presentar, plantear

presentar, plantear

Ex: The union representatives will table their concerns about working conditions during negotiations .Los representantes sindicales **presentarán** sus preocupaciones sobre las condiciones de trabajo durante las negociaciones.
entourage
[Sustantivo]

a group of people who work for and accompany a person of power or fame

séquito, comitiva

séquito, comitiva

Ex: She felt overwhelmed by the attention her sudden fame brought , as her entourage grew larger with each public appearance .Se sintió abrumada por la atención que su fama repentina trajo, mientras su **entourage** crecía con cada aparición pública.
appeasement
[Sustantivo]

a policy of giving in to the demands of others in order to maintain peace, often at the cost of one's own principles or values

apaciguamiento

apaciguamiento

Ex: Critics argued that the government 's appeasement of corporate interests undermined its commitment to environmental protection .Los críticos argumentaron que **la apaciguación** del gobierno a los intereses corporativos socavaba su compromiso con la protección ambiental.
Lista de Palabras Nivel C1
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