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C1 Level Wordlist - Politics

Here you will learn some English words about politics, such as "radical", "dictator", "activism", etc. prepared for C1 learners.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to lobby
to lobby
[Verb]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

Ex: The environmental group decided to lobby lawmakers for stricter regulations on carbon emissions. 
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to reform
to reform
[Verb]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

Ex: The government aims to reform the education system to ensure equal access to quality education for all students. 
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diplomatic
diplomatic
[Adjective]

related to the work of keeping or creating friendly relationships between countries

Ex: Diplomatic efforts are underway to resolve the conflict peacefully. 
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sovereign
sovereign
[Adjective]

(of a country or state) self-governed and free from external control

Ex: The newly established nation declared itself a sovereign state, free from colonial rule. 
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radical
radical
[Adjective]

supporting total and extreme social or political changes

Ex: The radical activist advocated for the overthrow of the government to establish a new social order. 
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activism
activism
[noun]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

Ex: Her activism for environmental conservation has inspired many young people to join the cause. 
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activist
activist
[noun]

a person who tries to bring about political or social change, especially someone who supports strong actions such as protests, etc.

Ex: The activist organized a large protest to demand better working conditions for factory employees. 
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ambassador

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

Ex: The ambassador hosted a reception at the embassy to strengthen diplomatic relations between the two nations. 
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dictator
dictator
[noun]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

Ex: The dictator imposed strict censorship laws to suppress any opposition to his regime. 
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policy maker

someone who makes decisions about the policies that a government or organization follows

Ex: As a policy maker, she played a crucial role in shaping the new education reforms. 
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propaganda

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

Ex: The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support. 
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autonomy
autonomy
[noun]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

Ex: The region fought for years to achieve autonomy from the central government. 
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constitution

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

Ex: The constitution of this country guarantees freedom of speech and the separation of powers among its branches of government. 
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legislation

the act or process of making laws or passing a statute

Ex: The parliament passed new legislation aimed at improving environmental protection measures across the country. 
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mandate
mandate
[noun]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

Ex: After winning the election with a significant majority, the new government claimed a strong mandate to implement their policies. 
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bureaucracy

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

Ex: Within a bureaucracy, officials are employed based on expertise rather than being chosen through popular votes. 
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cabinet
cabinet
[noun]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

Ex: The Prime Minister announced changes to the cabinet, appointing new ministers to key portfolios. 
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commerce
commerce
[noun]

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

Ex: International commerce plays a vital role in global economic development, facilitating trade between nations. 
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free trade

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

Ex: Many economists argue that free trade agreements promote economic growth by reducing barriers to international commerce. 
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poll
poll
[noun]

a process in which random people are asked the same questions to find out what the general public thinks about a given subject

Ex: The latest opinion poll indicates a significant shift in public opinion regarding climate change policies. 
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alliance
alliance
[noun]

a formal agreement or treaty establishing cooperation between nations or groups for shared objectives

Ex: The military alliance between the two countries was formed to enhance mutual defense capabilities. 
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ally
ally
[noun]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

Ex: During the war, each nation relied heavily on its allies for resources and support. 
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coalition
coalition
[noun]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
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coup
coup
[noun]

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

Ex: The military launched a coup to overthrow the democratically elected government and seize control of the country. 
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exile
exile
[noun]

the situation of someone who is sent to live in another country or city by force, particularly as a penalty or for political reasons

Ex: The political dissident lived in exile for over a decade, seeking asylum in neighboring countries. 
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wing
wing
[noun]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

Ex: The conservative wing of the party pushed for tax cuts and deregulation. 
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treaty
treaty
[noun]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

Ex: The two countries signed a peace treaty to end decades of conflict and establish diplomatic relations. 
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capitalism

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

Ex: Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals and businesses own the means of production and operate for profit. 
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communism
communism
[noun]

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

Ex: Communism is a political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society where the means of production are owned collectively. 
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extremism
extremism
[noun]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

Ex: The rise of political extremism in the region has led to increased tensions and conflicts among communities. 
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fascism
fascism
[noun]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

Ex: Fascism rose to prominence in Europe during the early 20th century, leading to the establishment of totalitarian regimes. 
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federalism

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

Ex: Federalism allows for a division of powers between the national government and state governments, promoting a balance of authority. 
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globalism
globalism
[noun]

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

Ex: Globalism has led to increased economic interdependence among nations, fostering international trade and investment. 
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liberalism

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

Ex: Liberalism emphasizes the importance of individual rights and freedoms, advocating for a society where people can express their views openly. 
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socialism
socialism
[noun]

an economic system in which the state owns and manages major resources, industries, or capital

Ex: Socialism ensures that public assets benefit the population. 
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administrative
administrative
[Adjective]

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

Ex: The administrative staff handles day-to-day operations in the office. 
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congressional
congressional
[Adjective]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

Ex: Congressional hearings investigate issues and propose legislation. 
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constitutional
constitutional
[Adjective]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

Ex: The law passed by the parliament was deemed constitutional by the judiciary. 
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electoral
electoral
[Adjective]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

Ex: The electoral system determines how representatives are chosen to serve in government. 
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interim
interim
[Adjective]

intended to last only until something permanent is presented

Ex: An interim report was submitted to provide preliminary findings before the full research study was complete. 
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protocol
protocol
[noun]

a set of rules and appropriate behavior that officials use on formal occasions

Ex: The state dinner followed strict diplomatic protocol, including seating arrangements and toasts. 
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to table
to table
[Verb]

to formally bring up a proposal, discussion, etc. at a meeting for consideration

Ex: She tabled a motion to discuss increasing funding for public libraries. 
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entourage
entourage
[noun]

a group of people who work for and accompany a person of power or fame

Ex: The celebrity arrived at the event with a large entourage of bodyguards, assistants, and publicists. 
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appeasement

a policy of giving in to the demands of others in order to maintain peace, often at the cost of one's own principles or values

Ex: The policy of appeasement failed to prevent the outbreak of World War II, as aggressive actions continued unchecked. 
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