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Список Слов Уровня C1 - Политика

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о политике, такие как «радикал», «диктатор», «активизм» и т. д., подготовленные для учащихся C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to lobby
[глагол]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

лоббировать, склонять на свою сторону

лоббировать, склонять на свою сторону

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry has lobbying lawmakers for faster drug approval processes .
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to reform
[глагол]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

реформировать

реформировать

Ex: The school board is reforming the grading system to better reflect student performance .
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diplomatic
[прилагательное]

related to the work of keeping or creating friendly relationships between countries

дипломатический

дипломатический

Ex: Diplomatic immunity protects diplomats from prosecution in host countries.
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sovereign
[прилагательное]

(of a country or state) self-governed and free from external control

суверенный

суверенный

Ex: The treaty was signed to ensure sovereign rights of the country were respected by its neighbors .
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radical
[прилагательное]

supporting total and extreme social or political changes

радикальный

радикальный

Ex: radical environmentalist group staged protests to demand immediate action on climate change .
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activism
[существительное]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

активизм

активизм

Ex: She has been involved activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .
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activist
[существительное]

a person who tries to bring about political or social change, especially someone who supports strong actions such as protests, etc.

активист

активист

Ex: He became an activist after witnessing the poor treatment of animals in factory farms .
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ambassador
[существительное]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

посол

посол

Ex: The newly ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .
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dictator
[существительное]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

диктатор

диктатор

Ex: After years of suffering under dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .
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policy maker
[существительное]

someone who makes decisions about the policies that a government or organization follows

политический деятель

политический деятель

Ex: policy maker's efforts to improve healthcare access have been widely praised by public health advocates .
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propaganda
[существительное]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

пропаганда

пропаганда

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to propaganda quickly and widely .
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autonomy
[существительное]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

автономия, самостоятельность

автономия, самостоятельность

Ex: After autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .
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constitution
[существительное]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

конституция

конституция

Ex: constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .
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legislation
[существительное]

the act or process of making laws or passing a statute

законодательство

законодательство

Ex: Lobbyists from various industries work to influence the outcome of legislation in Congress .
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mandate
[существительное]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

полномочия

полномочия

Ex: The council received mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .
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bureaucracy
[существительное]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

бюрократия

бюрократия

Ex: The manager found bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .
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cabinet
[существительное]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

кабинет

кабинет

Ex: cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .
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commerce
[существительное]

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

торговля

торговля

Ex: The Department of Commerce released a report on the growth of e-commerce sales in the past year, highlighting significant trends in consumer behavior.
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free trade
[существительное]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

свободная торговля

свободная торговля

Ex: Negotiations for a free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .
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poll
[существительное]

a process in which random people are asked the same questions to find out what the general public thinks about a given subject

опрос

опрос

Ex: The results of the exit poll were surprising, showing a closer race than initially predicted by pundits.
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alliance
[существительное]

an association between countries, organizations, political parties, etc. in order to achieve common interests

союз

союз

Ex: alliances between universities foster academic exchange and collaboration in research .
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ally
[существительное]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

союзник

союзник

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.
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coalition
[существительное]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

коалиция

коалиция

Ex: The trade union formed coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .
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coup
[существительное]

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

переворот

переворот

Ex: The country 's history was marked by several coup attempts during its transition to democracy .
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exile
[существительное]

the situation of someone who is sent to live in another country or city by force, particularly as a penalty or for political reasons

изгнание, ссылка

изгнание, ссылка

Ex: Exile often imposes emotional and psychological challenges on individuals separated from their homeland and loved ones .
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wing
[существительное]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

крыло

крыло

Ex: The wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .
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treaty
[существительное]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

договор, соглашение

договор, соглашение

Ex: The treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .
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capitalism
[существительное]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

капитализм

капитализм

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift capitalism in those countries .
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communism
[существительное]

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

коммунизм

коммунизм

Ex: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of an era for communism in Eastern Europe .
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extremism
[существительное]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

экстремизм

экстремизм

Ex: Efforts to extremism must focus on education and promoting tolerance to prevent radicalization .
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fascism
[существительное]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

фашизм

фашизм

Ex: The resistance movement fought bravely against the spread fascism during World War II .
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federalism
[существительное]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

федерализм

федерализм

Ex: The principles federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .
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globalism
[существительное]

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

глобализм

глобализм

Ex: Globalism challenges traditional notions of sovereignty , as multinational organizations and agreements often influence national policies .
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liberalism
[существительное]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

либерализм

либерализм

Ex: Critics argue liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .
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socialism
[существительное]

a political and economic principle in which main industries are controlled by the government and that wealth is equally divided among citizens

социализм

социализм

Ex: Proponents socialism argue that it can reduce economic inequality and provide better social services , such as healthcare and education , for all citizens .
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administrative
[прилагательное]

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

административный

административный

Ex: Administrative procedures streamline workflow and improve efficiency in the workplace .
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congressional
[прилагательное]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

конгрессменский

конгрессменский

Ex: congressional budget process determines federal spending priorities .
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constitutional
[прилагательное]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

конституционный

конституционный

Ex: Constitutional reforms aimed to modernize the legal framework and enhance democratic governance .
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electoral
[прилагательное]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

избирательный

избирательный

Ex: electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .
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interim
[прилагательное]

intended to last only until something permanent is presented

временный

временный

Ex: The council interim measures to address the crisis until a full plan was developed .
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protocol
[существительное]

a set of rules and appropriate behavior that officials use on formal occasions

протокол

протокол

Ex: In courtroom proceedings , there protocols for addressing the judge , presenting evidence , and conducting cross-examinations .
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to table
[глагол]

to formally bring up a proposal, discussion, etc. at a meeting for consideration

предлагать

предлагать

Ex: The union representatives table their concerns about working conditions during negotiations .
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entourage
[существительное]

a group of people who work for and accompany a person of power or fame

сопровождение

сопровождение

Ex: She felt overwhelmed by the attention her sudden fame brought , as entourage grew larger with each public appearance .
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appeasement
[существительное]

a policy of giving in to the demands of others in order to maintain peace, often at the cost of one's own principles or values

умиротворение, посредничество

умиротворение, посредничество

Ex: Critics argued that the governmentappeasement of corporate interests undermined its commitment to environmental protection .
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