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C1级单词表 - Politics

在这里,您将学习一些关于政治的英语单词,如“radical”、“dictator”、“activism”等,为C1级别的学习者准备。

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to lobby
[动词]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

游说, 施压

游说, 施压

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry has been lobbying lawmakers for faster drug approval processes .制药行业一直在**游说**立法者以加快药物审批流程。
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to reform
[动词]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

改革, 改善

改革, 改善

Ex: The school board is considering reforming the grading system to better reflect student performance .学校董事会正在考虑**改革**评分制度,以更好地反映学生的表现。
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diplomatic
[形容词]

related to the work of keeping or creating friendly relationships between countries

外交的, 与外交有关的

外交的, 与外交有关的

Ex: Diplomatic immunity protects diplomats from prosecution in host countries.**外交豁免权**保护外交官在驻在国免于被起诉。
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sovereign
[形容词]

(of a country or state) self-governed and free from external control

主权的

主权的

Ex: The treaty was signed to ensure the sovereign rights of the country were respected by its neighbors .该条约的签署是为了确保该国的**主权**权利得到其邻国的尊重。
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radical
[形容词]

supporting total and extreme social or political changes

激进的

激进的

Ex: The radical environmentalist group staged protests to demand immediate action on climate change .**激进**的环保组织举行抗议活动,要求立即采取行动应对气候变化。
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activism
[名词]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

行动主义, 抗争

行动主义, 抗争

Ex: She has been involved in activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .她从青少年时期就参与了** activism **,倡导性别平等和妇女权利。
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activist
[名词]

a person who tries to bring about political or social change, especially someone who supports strong actions such as protests, etc.

活动家, 积极分子

活动家, 积极分子

Ex: He became an animal rights activist after witnessing the poor treatment of animals in factory farms .在目睹了工厂化农场对动物的恶劣待遇后,他成为了一名动物权利**活动家**。
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ambassador
[名词]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

大使, 使节

大使, 使节

Ex: The newly appointed ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .新任命的**大使**预计下月抵达外国首都履新。
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dictator
[名词]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

独裁者, 暴君

独裁者, 暴君

Ex: After years of suffering under the dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .在**独裁者**统治下受苦多年后,人民起来革命要求民主。
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policy maker
[名词]

someone who makes decisions about the policies that a government or organization follows

政策制定者, 决策者

政策制定者, 决策者

Ex: The policy maker's efforts to improve healthcare access have been widely praised by public health advocates .**政策制定者**为改善医疗保健获取所做的努力受到了公共卫生倡导者的广泛赞扬。
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propaganda
[名词]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

宣传

宣传

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .社交媒体的兴起使得**宣传**能够快速而广泛地传播。
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autonomy
[名词]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

自治

自治

Ex: After gaining autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .获得**自治**后,该国建立了自己的法律和治理结构。
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constitution
[名词]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

宪法

宪法

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .南非的**宪法**于1996年通过,将平等和人类尊严的原则作为国家的核心价值观。
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legislation
[名词]

the act or process of making laws or passing a statute

立法, 法律

立法, 法律

Ex: Lobbyists from various industries work to influence the outcome of healthcare legislation in Congress .来自各行各业的游说者致力于影响国会中医疗保健**立法**的结果。
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mandate
[名词]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

授权, 委任

授权, 委任

Ex: The council received a mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .理事会从其成员那里获得了与管理层谈判更好工作条件的**授权**。
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bureaucracy
[名词]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

官僚主义, 官僚行政

官僚主义, 官僚行政

Ex: The manager found the bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .经理发现**官僚主义**是一个很大的障碍。
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cabinet
[名词]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

内阁

内阁

Ex: The cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .**内阁**改组旨在带来新的视角和专业知识,以解决紧迫的社会福利问题。
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commerce
[名词]

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

商业

商业

Ex: The Department of Commerce released a report on the growth of e-commerce sales in the past year, highlighting significant trends in consumer behavior.商务部发布了一份关于去年电子商务销售增长的报告,强调了消费者行为中的显著趋势。
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free trade
[名词]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

自由贸易, 自由貿易

自由贸易, 自由貿易

Ex: Negotiations for a new free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .两国之间关于新**自由贸易**协定的谈判因农业关税分歧而陷入僵局。
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poll
[名词]

a process in which random people are asked the same questions to find out what the general public thinks about a given subject

民意调查, 投票

民意调查, 投票

Ex: The results of the exit poll were surprising, showing a closer race than initially predicted by pundits.出口**民意调查**的结果令人惊讶,显示比赛比专家最初预测的更为接近。
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alliance
[名词]

an association between countries, organizations, political parties, etc. in order to achieve common interests

联盟

联盟

Ex: Cultural alliances between universities foster academic exchange and collaboration in research .大学之间的文化**联盟**促进了学术交流和科研合作。
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ally
[名词]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

盟友, 伙伴

盟友, 伙伴

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.即使在和平时期,两国仍是亲密的**盟友**,在经济和环境问题上合作。
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coalition
[名词]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

联盟, 同盟

联盟, 同盟

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .工会与学生组织结成了**联盟**,以倡导更好的工作条件和负担得起的教育。
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coup
[名词]

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

政变

政变

Ex: The country 's history was marked by several unsuccessful coup attempts during its transition to democracy .该国的历史在其向民主过渡期间被几次不成功的**政变**尝试所标记。
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exile
[名词]

the situation of someone who is sent to live in another country or city by force, particularly as a penalty or for political reasons

流放, 放逐

流放, 放逐

Ex: Exile often imposes emotional and psychological challenges on individuals separated from their homeland and loved ones .**流放**常常给那些与祖国和亲人分离的人带来情感和心理上的挑战。
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wing
[名词]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

翼, 派系

翼, 派系

Ex: The extremist wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .运动的极端**派系**主张对移民法和边境安全进行彻底改革。
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treaty
[名词]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

条约

条约

Ex: The extradition treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .**条约**允许两国之间引渡罪犯以面对正义。
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capitalism
[名词]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

资本主义, 资本主义制度

资本主义, 资本主义制度

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift towards capitalism in those countries .东欧社会主义政权的崩溃标志着这些国家向**资本主义**的转变。
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communism
[名词]

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

共产主义, 共产主义制度

共产主义, 共产主义制度

Ex: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of an era for state-controlled communism in Eastern Europe .1991年苏联的解体标志着东欧国家控制的**共产主义**时代的结束。
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extremism
[名词]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

极端主义, 激进主义

极端主义, 激进主义

Ex: Efforts to combat extremism must focus on education and promoting tolerance to prevent radicalization .打击**极端主义**的努力必须集中在教育和促进宽容上,以防止激进化。
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fascism
[名词]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

法西斯主义

法西斯主义

Ex: The resistance movement fought bravely against the spread of fascism during World War II .抵抗运动在第二次世界大战期间勇敢地与**法西斯主义**的蔓延作斗争。
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federalism
[名词]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

联邦制

联邦制

Ex: The principles of federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .**联邦制**的原则旨在保护各州的主权,同时保持一个统一的国家政府。
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globalism
[名词]

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

全球主义, 全球化思想

全球主义, 全球化思想

Ex: Globalism challenges traditional notions of sovereignty , as multinational organizations and agreements often influence national policies .**全球主义**挑战了传统的主权观念,因为跨国组织和协议经常影响国家政策。
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liberalism
[名词]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

自由主义, 自由主义的学说

自由主义, 自由主义的学说

Ex: Critics argue that liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .批评者认为**自由主义**有时会忽视边缘化群体的需求,但其支持者认为个人自由和民主制度最终会使所有人受益。
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socialism
[名词]

a political and economic principle in which main industries are controlled by the government and that wealth is equally divided among citizens

社会主义, 社会主义制度

社会主义, 社会主义制度

Ex: Proponents of socialism argue that it can reduce economic inequality and provide better social services , such as healthcare and education , for all citizens .**社会主义**的支持者认为,它可以减少经济不平等,并为所有公民提供更好的社会服务,如医疗保健和教育。
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administrative
[形容词]

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

行政的

行政的

Ex: Administrative procedures streamline workflow and improve efficiency in the workplace .**行政**程序简化了工作流程并提高了工作场所的效率。
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congressional
[形容词]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

国会的, 与国会有关的

国会的, 与国会有关的

Ex: The congressional budget process determines federal spending priorities .**国会**预算程序决定了联邦支出的优先事项。
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constitutional
[形容词]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

宪法的, 符合宪法的

宪法的, 符合宪法的

Ex: Constitutional reforms aimed to modernize the legal framework and enhance democratic governance .**宪法**改革旨在使法律框架现代化并加强民主治理。
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electoral
[形容词]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

选举的, 与选举有关的

选举的, 与选举有关的

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .上次选举的**选举**投票率高于预期,表明公民参与度增加。
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interim
[形容词]

intended to last only until something permanent is presented

临时的, 过渡的

临时的, 过渡的

Ex: The council implemented interim measures to address the crisis until a full plan was developed .理事会实施了**临时**措施以应对危机,直到制定出完整的计划。
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protocol
[名词]

a set of rules and appropriate behavior that officials use on formal occasions

协议, 礼仪

协议, 礼仪

Ex: In courtroom proceedings , there are protocols for addressing the judge , presenting evidence , and conducting cross-examinations .在法庭诉讼中,有**协议**用于向法官致辞、呈递证据和进行交叉询问。
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to table
[动词]

to formally bring up a proposal, discussion, etc. at a meeting for consideration

提出, 提议

提出, 提议

Ex: The union representatives will table their concerns about working conditions during negotiations .工会代表将在谈判中**提出**他们对工作条件的担忧。
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entourage
[名词]

a group of people who work for and accompany a person of power or fame

随行人员, 随从

随行人员, 随从

Ex: She felt overwhelmed by the attention her sudden fame brought , as her entourage grew larger with each public appearance .她突然成名带来的关注让她感到不堪重负,因为她的**随行人员**随着每一次公开露面而增多。
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appeasement
[名词]

a policy of giving in to the demands of others in order to maintain peace, often at the cost of one's own principles or values

绥靖

绥靖

Ex: Critics argued that the government 's appeasement of corporate interests undermined its commitment to environmental protection .批评者认为,政府对企业利益的**绥靖**政策削弱了其对环境保护的承诺。
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C1级单词表
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