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C1级单词表 - Politics

在这里你将学习一些为C1学习者准备的有关政治的英语单词,例如“radical”、“dictator”、“activism”等。

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to lobby
[动词]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

游说, 斡旋

游说, 斡旋

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry has lobbying lawmakers for faster drug approval processes .
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to reform
[动词]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

改革, 修订

改革, 修订

Ex: The school board is reforming the grading system to better reflect student performance .
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diplomatic
[形容词]

related to the work of keeping or creating friendly relationships between countries

外交的, 外交上的

外交的, 外交上的

Ex: Diplomatic immunity protects diplomats from prosecution in host countries.
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sovereign
[形容词]

(of a country or state) self-governed and free from external control

主权的, 自主的

主权的, 自主的

Ex: The treaty was signed to ensure sovereign rights of the country were respected by its neighbors .
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radical
[形容词]

supporting total and extreme social or political changes

激进的, 根本的

激进的, 根本的

Ex: radical environmentalist group staged protests to demand immediate action on climate change .
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activism
[名词]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

激进主义, 行动主义

激进主义, 行动主义

Ex: She has been involved activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .
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activist
[名词]

a person who tries to bring about political or social change, especially someone who supports strong actions such as protests, etc.

活动家, 积极分子

活动家, 积极分子

Ex: He became an activist after witnessing the poor treatment of animals in factory farms .
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ambassador
[名词]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

大使, 大使馆大使

大使, 大使馆大使

Ex: The newly ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .
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dictator
[名词]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

独裁者, 专制者

独裁者, 专制者

Ex: After years of suffering under dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .
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policy maker
[名词]

someone who makes decisions about the policies that a government or organization follows

政策制定者, 决策者

政策制定者, 决策者

Ex: policy maker's efforts to improve healthcare access have been widely praised by public health advocates .
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propaganda
[名词]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

宣传, 宣传材料

宣传, 宣传材料

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to propaganda quickly and widely .
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autonomy
[名词]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

自治, 自主权

自治, 自主权

Ex: After autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .
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constitution
[名词]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

宪法,  Constitution

宪法, Constitution

Ex: constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .
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legislation
[名词]

the act or process of making laws or passing a statute

立法, 法律

立法, 法律

Ex: Lobbyists from various industries work to influence the outcome of legislation in Congress .
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mandate
[名词]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

授权, 委任

授权, 委任

Ex: The council received mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .
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bureaucracy
[名词]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

官僚制度, 官僚主义

官僚制度, 官僚主义

Ex: The manager found bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .
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cabinet
[名词]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

内阁,  cabinet

内阁, cabinet

Ex: cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .
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commerce
[名词]

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

商业, 贸易

商业, 贸易

Ex: The Department of Commerce released a report on the growth of e-commerce sales in the past year, highlighting significant trends in consumer behavior.
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free trade
[名词]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

自由贸易, 无障碍贸易

自由贸易, 无障碍贸易

Ex: Negotiations for a free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .
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poll
[名词]

a process in which random people are asked the same questions to find out what the general public thinks about a given subject

民意调查, 投票

民意调查, 投票

Ex: The results of the exit poll were surprising, showing a closer race than initially predicted by pundits.
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alliance
[名词]

an association between countries, organizations, political parties, etc. in order to achieve common interests

联盟, 协定

联盟, 协定

Ex: alliances between universities foster academic exchange and collaboration in research .
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ally
[名词]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

盟国, 同盟国家

盟国, 同盟国家

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.
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coalition
[名词]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

联盟, 联合体

联盟, 联合体

Ex: The trade union formed coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .
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coup
[名词]

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

政变, 突发政变

政变, 突发政变

Ex: The country 's history was marked by several coup attempts during its transition to democracy .
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exile
[名词]

the situation of someone who is sent to live in another country or city by force, particularly as a penalty or for political reasons

流亡, 放逐

流亡, 放逐

Ex: Exile often imposes emotional and psychological challenges on individuals separated from their homeland and loved ones .
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wing
[名词]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

翼, 派

翼, 派

Ex: The wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .
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treaty
[名词]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

条约, 协定

条约, 协定

Ex: The treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .
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capitalism
[名词]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

资本主义, 资本制

资本主义, 资本制

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift capitalism in those countries .
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communism
[名词]

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

共产主义, 共制主义

共产主义, 共制主义

Ex: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of an era for communism in Eastern Europe .
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extremism
[名词]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

极端主义, 极端思想

极端主义, 极端思想

Ex: Efforts to extremism must focus on education and promoting tolerance to prevent radicalization .
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fascism
[名词]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

法西斯主义, 法西斯

法西斯主义, 法西斯

Ex: The resistance movement fought bravely against the spread fascism during World War II .
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federalism
[名词]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

联邦主义, 联邦制

联邦主义, 联邦制

Ex: The principles federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .
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globalism
[名词]

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

全球主义, 世界主义

全球主义, 世界主义

Ex: Globalism challenges traditional notions of sovereignty , as multinational organizations and agreements often influence national policies .
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liberalism
[名词]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

自由主义, 自由派思想

自由主义, 自由派思想

Ex: Critics argue liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .
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socialism
[名词]

a political and economic principle in which main industries are controlled by the government and that wealth is equally divided among citizens

社会主义, 社群主义

社会主义, 社群主义

Ex: Proponents socialism argue that it can reduce economic inequality and provide better social services , such as healthcare and education , for all citizens .
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administrative
[形容词]

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

行政的, 管理的

行政的, 管理的

Ex: Administrative procedures streamline workflow and improve efficiency in the workplace .
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congressional
[形容词]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

国会的, 国会相关的

国会的, 国会相关的

Ex: congressional budget process determines federal spending priorities .
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constitutional
[形容词]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

宪法的, 符合宪法的

宪法的, 符合宪法的

Ex: Constitutional reforms aimed to modernize the legal framework and enhance democratic governance .
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electoral
[形容词]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

选举的, 投票的

选举的, 投票的

Ex: electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .
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interim
[形容词]

intended to last only until something permanent is presented

临时的, 暂时的

临时的, 暂时的

Ex: The council interim measures to address the crisis until a full plan was developed .
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protocol
[名词]

a set of rules and appropriate behavior that officials use on formal occasions

礼仪, 协议

礼仪, 协议

Ex: In courtroom proceedings , there protocols for addressing the judge , presenting evidence , and conducting cross-examinations .
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to table
[动词]

to formally bring up a proposal, discussion, etc. at a meeting for consideration

提交, 提案

提交, 提案

Ex: The union representatives table their concerns about working conditions during negotiations .
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entourage
[名词]

a group of people who work for and accompany a person of power or fame

随 entourage, 随行人员

随 entourage, 随行人员

Ex: She felt overwhelmed by the attention her sudden fame brought , as entourage grew larger with each public appearance .
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appeasement
[名词]

a policy of giving in to the demands of others in order to maintain peace, often at the cost of one's own principles or values

绥靖政策, 安抚政策

绥靖政策, 安抚政策

Ex: Critics argued that the governmentappeasement of corporate interests undermined its commitment to environmental protection .
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