Vocabulaire Avancé pour le TOEFL - Physique et Chimie

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

vide

(chemistry) to merge or be merged by a chemical bond

coller

the different elements that form something or the arrangement of these elements

composition

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

distiller

to press two things together or be pressed together to become smaller

comprimer, compresser

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

matière noire

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

antimatière

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

catalyseur

to increase the velocity of something

accélérer

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

alcali

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

solvant

a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution

ammoniac

a hard black substance consisting of an amorphous form of carbon which is made by slowly burning wood and is used as fuel or for drawing

charbon de bois

having an electric charge

chargé

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

conducteur

a substance of small size and equal sides, formed naturally when turns to solid

cristal

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

ion

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

électromagnétique

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

fission nucléaire

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

fusion nucléaire

to become gas or vapor from liquid

s'évaporer

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

aluminum

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

alliage

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

cuivre

(physics) possessing the attribute of attracting metal objects such as iron or steel

magnétique

the resistance that two surfaces moving on each other encounter

friction

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

corrosion, rouille

(physics) the property of matter that gives it weight in a gravitational field and is a measure of its inertia

masse

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

densité

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

vitesse

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

plomb

a soft, black, and highly conductive material made up of carbon atoms that is commonly used in pencils and as a lubricant

graphite

a heavy silver-colored and poisonous metal that has a liquid state in the ordinary temperature

mercure

a chemical element and a silver-white metal used in making alloys

nickel

a gas with nearly no electrical charge that exists in the sun and other stars

plasma

a heavy radioactive metallic element used in producing nuclear energy

uranium

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioactif

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

thermique

remaining still, with no change in position

statique

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version

synthétique