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Vocabolario Avanzato per il TOEFL - Fisica e Chimica

Qui imparerai alcune parole in inglese sulla fisica e la chimica, come "vuoto", "alcali", "ione", ecc., necessarie per l'esame TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
vacuum
vacuum
[sostantivo]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

vuoto

vuoto

Ex: The vacuum of space is characterized by extremely low pressure and the absence of atmosphere. 

Il vuoto dello spazio è caratterizzato da una pressione estremamente bassa e dall'assenza di atmosfera.

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to bond
to bond
[Verbo]

(chemistry) to merge or be merged by a chemical bond

legare

legare

Ex: Oxygen molecules bond with iron atoms to create rust in the presence of moisture. 
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composition
composition
[sostantivo]

the parts or elements that something consists of and the way they are combined

composizione

composizione

Ex: The exact composition of the mixture is kept secret. 
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to distill
to distill
[Verbo]

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

distillare

distillare

Ex: The plan is to distill rainwater for a clean water source. 

Il piano è quello di distillare l'acqua piovana per una fonte di acqua pulita.

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to compress

to press two things together or be pressed together to become smaller

comprimere

comprimere

Ex: The mechanic compressed the brake pads and rotor together for proper alignment. 

Il meccanico ha compress i pattini dei freni e il rotore insieme per un corretto allineamento.

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dark matter
dark matter
[sostantivo]

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

materia oscura

materia oscura

Ex: Various theories have been proposed to explain the identity of dark matter particles, but conclusive evidence has yet to be found. 

Sono state proposte varie teorie per spiegare l'identità delle particelle di materia oscura, ma prove conclusive devono ancora essere trovate.

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antimatter
antimatter
[sostantivo]

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

antimateria

antimateria

Ex: Antimatter propulsion is a theoretical concept that could potentially enable spacecraft to travel at near-light speeds in the future. 

La propulsione a antimateria è un concetto teorico che potrebbe potenzialmente permettere alle navicelle spaziali di viaggiare a velocità prossime a quella della luce in futuro.

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catalyst
catalyst
[sostantivo]

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

Catalyst

Catalyst

Ex: Platinum nanoparticles acted as an effective catalyst for the reaction, significantly lowering the activation energy needed. 

Le nanoparticelle di platino hanno agito come un efficace catalizzatore per la reazione, riducendo significativamente l'energia di attivazione necessaria.

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to accelerate

to increase the velocity of something

accelerare

accelerare

Ex: The physicist designed an experiment to study how magnetic fields can accelerate charged particles to high velocities. 
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alkali
alkali
[sostantivo]

any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

alkali

alkali

Ex: Mixing an alkali with vinegar produces a salt and water. 

Mescolare un alcali con aceto produce un sale e acqua.

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solvent
solvent
[sostantivo]

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

solvente

solvente

Ex: Chloroform acts as an effective solvent for lipids, fats and waxes due to its non-polar nature. 

Il cloroformo agisce come un solvente efficace per lipidi, grassi e cere grazie alla sua natura non polare.

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ammonia
ammonia
[sostantivo]

a sharp-smelling gas made of nitrogen and hydrogen

ammoniaca

ammoniaca

Ex: Inhaling concentrated ammonia can be dangerous. 

Inalare ammoniaca concentrata può essere pericoloso.

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charcoal
charcoal
[sostantivo]

a hard black substance consisting of an amorphous form of carbon which is made by slowly burning wood and is used as fuel or for drawing

carbone

carbone

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charged
charged
[aggettivo]

having an electric charge

accusato

accusato

Ex: The charged particles in the plasma reacted with the magnetic field to create spectacular auroras in the sky. 

Le particelle cariche nel plasma hanno reagito con il campo magnetico per creare aurore spettacolari nel cielo.

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conductor
conductor
[sostantivo]

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

conduttore

conduttore

Ex: Aluminum is widely used as a conductor in power transmission lines due to its lightweight and good conductivity. 

L'alluminio è ampiamente utilizzato come conduttore nelle linee di trasmissione dell'energia grazie alla sua leggerezza e buona conduttività.

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crystal
crystal
[sostantivo]

a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular repeating structure

cristallo

cristallo

Ex: Scientists examined the arrangement of atoms within the crystal. 
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ion
ion
[sostantivo]

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

ione

ione

Ex: Water conducts electricity because it contains dissolved ions. 
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electromagnetic
electromagnetic
[aggettivo]

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

onde elettromagnetiche

onde elettromagnetiche

Ex: Electromagnetic induction occurs when a changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a conductor. 

L'induzione elettromagnetica si verifica quando un campo magnetico variabile induce una corrente elettrica in un conduttore.

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nuclear fission
nuclear fission
[sostantivo]

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

fissione nucleare

fissione nucleare

Ex: Nuclear fission is also used in nuclear medicine for diagnostic imaging and cancer treatment through techniques such as radiotherapy. 

La fissione nucleare è anche utilizzata in medicina nucleare per la diagnostica per immagini e il trattamento del cancro attraverso tecniche come la radioterapia.

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nuclear fusion
nuclear fusion
[sostantivo]

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

fusione nucleare

fusione nucleare

Ex: The most promising approach to achieving nuclear fusion on Earth involves heating hydrogen isotopes to extremely high temperatures and confining them in a magnetic field in devices called tokamaks. 

L'approccio più promettente per ottenere la fusione nucleare sulla Terra prevede il riscaldamento di isotopi di idrogeno a temperature estremamente elevate e il loro confinamento in un campo magnetico in dispositivi chiamati tokamak.

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to evaporate

to become gas or vapor from liquid

evaporare

evaporare

Ex: By the end of the day, the rainwater will have evaporated from the sidewalks. 

Entro la fine della giornata, l'acqua piovana si sarà evaporata dai marciapiedi.

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aluminum
aluminum
[sostantivo]

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

alluminio

alluminio

Ex: The bicycle frame is made from aluminum, making it easier to carry and maneuver compared to traditional steel frames. 

Il telaio della bicicletta è realizzato in alluminio, rendendolo più facile da trasportare e manovrare rispetto ai telai in acciaio tradizionali.

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alloy
alloy
[sostantivo]

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

lega

lega

Ex: Aluminum alloys are lightweight and strong, making them suitable for aerospace applications and automotive parts. 

Le leghe di alluminio sono leggere e resistenti, rendendole adatte per applicazioni aerospaziali e parti automobilistiche.

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copper
copper
[sostantivo]

a reddish-brown metallic chemical element that conducts heat and electricity well and is widely used in electrical wiring and alloys

rame

rame

Ex: The pipes were made from copper. 
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magnetic
magnetic
[aggettivo]

having the properties of a magnet and able to attract certain metals

magnetico

magnetico

Ex: The magnetic tool attracted several iron nails. 
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friction
friction
[sostantivo]

the resistance or opposing force encountered when one object moves in contact with another

attrito

attrito

Ex: Friction generates heat during sliding motion. 

L'attrito genera calore durante il movimento di scorrimento.

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corrosion
corrosion
[sostantivo]

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

corrosione

corrosione

Ex: Exposure to moisture accelerates metal corrosion. 

L'esposizione all'umidità accelera la corrosione dei metalli.

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mass
mass
[sostantivo]

(physics) the property of matter that gives it weight in a gravitational field and is a measure of its inertia

massa

massa

Ex: In special relativity, mass is considered to be equivalent to energy, as described by Einstein's famous equation, E=mc^2, where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light in a vacuum. 
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density
density
[sostantivo]

(physics) the mass of a substance or object per unit of volume

densità

densità

Ex: Temperature changes can affect the density of a liquid. 
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velocity
velocity
[sostantivo]

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

velocità

velocità

Ex: High-velocity winds caused damage to buildings and trees during the storm. 

I venti ad alta velocità hanno causato danni a edifici e alberi durante la tempesta.

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lead
lead
[sostantivo]

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

piombo

piombo

Ex: The old paint contained high levels of lead. 
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graphite
graphite
[sostantivo]

(chemistry) a soft, gray-black form of carbon used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors

grafite

grafite

Ex: The factory mines graphite for use in batteries and industrial lubricants. 
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mercury
mercury
[sostantivo]

a dense, silvery, toxic metal that is liquid at room temperature and can form different chemical compounds

mercurio

mercurio

Ex: Exposure to mercury vapors is hazardous. 
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nickel
nickel
[sostantivo]

a hard, silvery, malleable, and corrosion-resistant metallic element used in alloys and plating

nichelino

nichelino

Ex: The engineer selected nickel for its strength and durability. 

L'ingegnere ha selezionato il nichel per la sua resistenza e durabilità.

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plasma
plasma
[sostantivo]

a gas with nearly no electrical charge that exists in the sun and other stars

plasma

plasma

Chiudi
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uranium
uranium
[sostantivo]

(chemistry) a heavy, silvery-white, radioactive metal used as fuel in nuclear reactors and in nuclear weapons

uranio

uranio

Ex: Deposits of uranium are found in rocks and soil around the world. 
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radioactive
radioactive
[aggettivo]

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioattivo

radioattivo

Ex: Geiger counters are used to detect and measure levels of radioactive contamination. 

I contatori Geiger vengono utilizzati per rilevare e misurare i livelli di contaminazione radioattiva.

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thermal
thermal
[aggettivo]

(physics) relating to or produced by heat

termale

termale

Ex: The thermal camera detected heat signatures from the survivors in the wreckage. 
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static
static
[aggettivo]

remaining in a fixed position without moving

statico

statico

Ex: The sculpture creates a sense of motion despite being completely static. 
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synthetic
synthetic
[aggettivo]

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version

sintetico

sintetico

Ex: Synthetic fabrics like polyester are created through chemical processes rather than being directly sourced from plants or animals. 

I tessuti sintetici come il poliestere sono creati attraverso processi chimici piuttosto che essere ottenuti direttamente da piante o animali.

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