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Masulong na Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Pisika at Kimika

Dito ay matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa pisika at kimika, tulad ng "vacuum", "alkali", "ion", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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vacuum
vacuum
[Pangngalan]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

bakyum, walang laman na espasyo

bakyum, walang laman na espasyo

Ex: In physics, a vacuum is defined as a space devoid of any matter particles, including atoms and molecules. 

Sa pisika, ang vacuum ay tinukoy bilang isang espasyong walang anumang mga particle ng matter, kasama ang mga atom at molecule.

to bond
to bond
[Pandiwa]

(chemistry) to merge or be merged by a chemical bond

magkabigkis, mag-ugnay

magkabigkis, mag-ugnay

Ex: In the reaction, hydrogen atoms bond with oxygen atoms to form water molecules. 

Sa reaksyon, ang mga atomo ng hydrogen ay nagkakawing sa mga atomo ng oxygen upang bumuo ng mga molekula ng tubig.

composition
composition
[Pangngalan]

the different elements that form something or the arrangement of these elements

komposisyon, kabuoan

komposisyon, kabuoan

Ex: The composition of water molecules consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, chemically bonded together. 

Ang komposisyon ng mga molekula ng tubig ay binubuo ng dalawang hydrogen atoms at isang oxygen atom, na magkakasamang nakatali sa kemikal.

to distill
to distill
[Pandiwa]

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

destilahan, linisin sa pamamagitan ng destilasyon

destilahan, linisin sa pamamagitan ng destilasyon

Ex: The chemist is currently distilling the solution to isolate the pure compound. 

Ang chemist ay kasalukuyang nagdi-distill ng solusyon para ihiwalay ang purong compound.

to compress
to compress
[Pandiwa]

to press two things together or be pressed together to become smaller

piga, diin

piga, diin

Ex: She compressed her lips together to suppress a smile. 

Pinindot niya ang kanyang mga labi upang pigilan ang isang ngiti.

dark matter
dark matter
[Pangngalan]

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

madilim na bagay, itim na bagay

madilim na bagay, itim na bagay

Ex: Dark matter is a form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible and detectable only through its gravitational effects. 

Ang dark matter ay isang uri ng matter na hindi naglalabas, sumisipsip, o nagpapakita ng liwanag, na nagiging sanhi upang ito ay hindi makita at matukoy lamang sa pamamagitan ng mga epekto nito sa gravity.

antimatter
antimatter
[Pangngalan]

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

antimaterya, materyang antimaterya

antimaterya, materyang antimaterya

Ex: Antimatter is composed of antiparticles, which have the same mass as their corresponding particles but opposite electric charge. 

Ang antimatter ay binubuo ng mga antiparticle, na may parehong masa sa kanilang katumbas na mga particle ngunit kabaligtaran na electric charge.

catalyst
catalyst
[Pangngalan]

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

katalista, aktibador

katalista, aktibador

Ex: Platinum nanoparticles acted as an effective catalyst for the reaction, significantly lowering the activation energy needed. 

Ang mga platinum nanoparticle ay gumana bilang isang epektibong katalista para sa reaksyon, na makabuluhang nagpapababa ng activation energy na kailangan.

to accelerate
to accelerate
[Pandiwa]

to increase the velocity of something

pabilisin, dagdagan ang bilis ng

pabilisin, dagdagan ang bilis ng

Ex: The electric field between charged particles can accelerate electrons. 

Ang electric field sa pagitan ng mga charged particle ay maaaring magpabilis ng mga electron.

alkali
alkali
[Pangngalan]

any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

alkali, base

alkali, base

Ex: Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali commonly used in soap making. 

Ang sodium hydroxide ay isang malakas na alkali na karaniwang ginagamit sa paggawa ng sabon.

solvent
solvent
[Pangngalan]

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

solvent, pantunaw

solvent, pantunaw

Ex: Chloroform acts as an effective solvent for lipids, fats and waxes due to its non-polar nature. 

Ang chloroform ay gumaganap bilang isang epektibong solvent para sa mga lipid, taba, at wax dahil sa hindi polar na katangian nito.

ammonia
ammonia
[Pangngalan]

a sharp-smelling gas made of nitrogen and hydrogen

amonya, gas na nitroheno at hidroheno

amonya, gas na nitroheno at hidroheno

Ex: Ammonia has a strong, sharp odor that can irritate the eyes and throat. 

Ang ammonia ay may malakas, matalas na amoy na maaaring makairita sa mga mata at lalamunan.

charcoal
charcoal
[Pangngalan]

a hard black substance consisting of an amorphous form of carbon which is made by slowly burning wood and is used as fuel or for drawing

uling, karbon

uling, karbon

charged
charged
[pang-uri]

having an electric charge

sinisingil, may karga

sinisingil, may karga

Ex: The metal sphere became charged when it was rubbed with a woolen cloth. 

Ang metal na sphere ay naging charged nang ito ay kinuskos ng isang woolen cloth.

conductor
conductor
[Pangngalan]

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

konduktor, tagapagdala ng kuryente

konduktor, tagapagdala ng kuryente

Ex: Copper is widely used as a conductor in electrical wiring because of its excellent conductivity. 

Ang konduktor ay malawakang ginagamit sa mga kable ng kuryente dahil sa napakagandang kondaktibiti nito.

crystal
crystal
[Pangngalan]

a solid substance formed when a chemical compound solidifies, with atoms arranged in a highly regular, repeating pattern

kristal, kristalino

kristal, kristalino

Ex: Salt forms a cubic crystal when it solidifies. 

Ang asin ay bumubuo ng isang kubiko na kristal kapag ito'y tumitigas.

ion
ion
[Pangngalan]

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

ion, partikulang may karga

ion, partikulang may karga

Ex: Sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) combine to form table salt. 

Ang sodium ion (Na⁺) at chloride ion (Cl⁻) ay nagsasama upang bumuo ng asin sa mesa.

electromagnetic
electromagnetic
[pang-uri]

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

elektromagnetiko, may kaugnayan sa mga electromagnetic field

elektromagnetiko, may kaugnayan sa mga electromagnetic field

Ex: Light is an electromagnetic wave that can travel through a vacuum. 

Ang liwanag ay isang elektromagnetikong alon na maaaring maglakbay sa pamamagitan ng vacuum.

nuclear fission
nuclear fission
[Pangngalan]

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

paghahati ng nucleus, nukleyar na paghahati

paghahati ng nucleus, nukleyar na paghahati

Ex: Nuclear fission is a process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy. 

Ang nuclear fission ay isang proseso kung saan ang nucleus ng isang atom ay nahahati sa dalawa o higit pang mas maliliit na nuclei, na naglalabas ng malaking halaga ng enerhiya.

nuclear fusion
nuclear fusion
[Pangngalan]

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

nuclear fusion

nuclear fusion

Ex: Nuclear fusion is the process in which two atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy in the process. 

Ang nuclear fusion ay ang proseso kung saan ang dalawang atomic nuclei ay nagsasama upang bumuo ng isang mas mabigat na nucleus, na naglalabas ng malaking halaga ng enerhiya sa proseso.

to evaporate
to evaporate
[Pandiwa]

to become gas or vapor from liquid

sumingaw, maging singaw

sumingaw, maging singaw

Ex: Water can evaporate when exposed to heat. 

Ang tubig ay maaaring mag-evaporate kapag nalantad sa init.

aluminum
aluminum
[Pangngalan]

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

aluminyo, aluminyo

aluminyo, aluminyo

Ex: The new set of aluminum cookware is both lightweight and highly resistant to corrosion, making it perfect for the kitchen. 

Ang bagong set ng aluminum cookware ay magaan at lubhang resistente sa corrosion, na ginagawa itong perpekto para sa kusina.

alloy
alloy
[Pangngalan]

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

alyas

alyas

Ex: An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals or a metal and another element. 

Ang alloy ay isang pinaghalong dalawa o higit pang mga metal o isang metal at isa pang elemento.

copper
copper
[Pangngalan]

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

tanso, pulang metal

tanso, pulang metal

Ex: Copper is valued for its high electrical conductivity, which makes it ideal for wiring in electrical systems. 

Ang tanso ay pinahahalagahan dahil sa mataas na electrical conductivity nito, na ginagawa itong perpekto para sa mga kable sa mga electrical system.

magnetic
magnetic
[pang-uri]

(physics) possessing the attribute of attracting metal objects such as iron or steel

magnetiko, na-akit

magnetiko, na-akit

Ex: Magnets exhibit magnetic properties by attracting iron filings. 

Ang mga magneto ay nagpapakita ng mga katangiang magnetic sa pamamagitan ng pag-akit ng mga filings ng bakal.

friction
friction
[Pangngalan]

the resistance or opposing force encountered when one object moves in contact with another

pagkikiskisan, alitan

pagkikiskisan, alitan

Ex: Friction between the wheels and the road slows the car down. 

Ang pagkikiskisan sa pagitan ng mga gulong at kalsada ay nagpapabagal sa sasakyan.

corrosion
corrosion
[Pangngalan]

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

pagkakalawang

pagkakalawang

Ex: The pipes in the old house were heavily damaged by corrosion, resulting in leaks throughout the plumbing system. 

Ang mga tubo sa lumang bahay ay lubhang nasira ng kalawang, na nagresulta sa mga tagas sa buong sistema ng tubo.

mass
mass
[Pangngalan]

(physics) the property of matter that gives it weight in a gravitational field and is a measure of its inertia

masa, dami ng materya

masa, dami ng materya

Ex: In physics, mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. 

Sa pisika, ang mass ay sukat ng dami ng materya sa isang bagay.

density
density
[Pangngalan]

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

densidad, massang volumetrico

densidad, massang volumetrico

Ex: The density of water is approximately 1 gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). 

Ang density ng tubig ay humigit-kumulang 1 gramo bawat kubiko sentimetro (g/cm³).

velocity
velocity
[Pangngalan]

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

bilis, tulin

bilis, tulin

Ex: The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position with respect to time. 

Ang bilis ng isang bagay ay ang rate ng pagbabago ng posisyon nito kaugnay ng oras.

lead
lead
[Pangngalan]

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

tingga, mabigat na metal

tingga, mabigat na metal

Ex: The plumber replaced the corroded lead pipes with modern alternatives to ensure the safety of the drinking water supply. 

Sa kabila ng lason nito, ang tingga ay malawakang ginamit noong nakaraan para sa iba't ibang aplikasyon, kabilang ang paghihinang at pag-shield sa radiation.

graphite
graphite
[Pangngalan]

a soft, black, and highly conductive material made up of carbon atoms that is commonly used in pencils and as a lubricant

grapite, tingga

grapite, tingga

Ex: Graphite is often mixed with clay to make pencil leads. 
mercury
mercury
[Pangngalan]

a dense, silvery, toxic metal that is liquid at room temperature and can form different chemical compounds

mercury, asoge

mercury, asoge

Ex: Mercury is used in some thermometers and barometers. 

Ang mercury ay ginagamit sa ilang mga thermometer at barometer.

nickel
nickel
[Pangngalan]

a hard, silvery, malleable, and corrosion-resistant metallic element used in alloys and plating

nikel, nikel

nikel, nikel

Ex: The coin is made primarily of nickel and copper. 

Ang barya ay gawa pangunahin sa nikel at tanso.

plasma
plasma
[Pangngalan]

a gas with nearly no electrical charge that exists in the sun and other stars

plasma, ionized gas

plasma, ionized gas

uranium
uranium
[Pangngalan]

a heavy radioactive metallic element used in producing nuclear energy

uranyo

uranyo

Ex: Uranium is mined from the earth and processed for use in nuclear power plants. 
radioactive
radioactive
[pang-uri]

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioaktibo,  may radyasyon

radioaktibo, may radyasyon

Ex: Radioactive isotopes are used in medical imaging for diagnostic purposes. 

Ang mga radioactive isotopes ay ginagamit sa medical imaging para sa mga layunin ng diagnostic.

thermal
thermal
[pang-uri]

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

thermal, pang-init

thermal, pang-init

Ex: The thermal energy from the sun warms the surface of the earth. 

Habang tumataas ang temperatura, lumawak ang metal dahil sa thermal expansion.

static
static
[pang-uri]

remaining still, with no change in position

static, hindi gumagalaw

static, hindi gumagalaw

Ex: The static position of the statue gave it a sense of permanence in the park. 

Ang static na posisyon ng estatwa ay nagbigay dito ng pakiramdam ng permanensya sa parke.

synthetic
synthetic
[pang-uri]

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version

sintetiko, artipisyal

sintetiko, artipisyal

Ex: Synthetic diamonds are manufactured in laboratories using high-pressure, high-temperature processes. 

Ang mga synthetic na diamante ay ginagawa sa mga laboratoryo gamit ang mataas na presyon, mataas na temperatura na mga proseso.

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