واژگان سطح پیشرفته برای TOEFL - فیزیک و شیمی

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

خلأ

(chemistry) to merge or be merged by a chemical bond

پیوند زدن (شیمی), پیوند شدن (شیمی)

the different elements that form something or the arrangement of these elements

ترکیب (شیمیایی)

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

تقطیر کردن

to press two things together or be pressed together to become smaller

بهم فشردن, فشرده کردن، متراکم ساختن

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

ماده تاریک

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

پادماده, ضدماده

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

کاتالیزور, کاتالیزگر

to increase the velocity of something

افزایش دادن

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

قلیا (شیمی)

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

حلال (شیمی)

a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution

آمونیاک

a hard black substance consisting of an amorphous form of carbon which is made by slowly burning wood and is used as fuel or for drawing

زغال چوب

having an electric charge

باردار شده (شیمی)

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

رسانای برق

a substance of small size and equal sides, formed naturally when turns to solid

بلور

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

یون

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

الکترومغناطیسی

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

شکافت هسته‌ای

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

هم‌جوشی هسته‌ای

to become gas or vapor from liquid

تبخیر شدن

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

آلومینیم

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

آلیاژ

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

مس

(physics) possessing the attribute of attracting metal objects such as iron or steel

آهن‌ربایی, مغناطیسی

the resistance that two surfaces moving on each other encounter

اصطکاک

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

خوردگی

(physics) the property of matter that gives it weight in a gravitational field and is a measure of its inertia

جرم (فیزیک)

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

چگالی (فیزیک)

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

سرعت

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

سرب (شیمی)

a soft, black, and highly conductive material made up of carbon atoms that is commonly used in pencils and as a lubricant

گرافیت

a heavy silver-colored and poisonous metal that has a liquid state in the ordinary temperature

جیوه

a chemical element and a silver-white metal used in making alloys

نیکل

a gas with nearly no electrical charge that exists in the sun and other stars

پلاسما (فیزیک)

a heavy radioactive metallic element used in producing nuclear energy

اورانیوم

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

پرتوزا, رادیواکتیو

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

گرمایی

remaining still, with no change in position

ساکن, راکد

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version

ترکیبی, مرکب از مواد مصنوعی