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Avancerat Ordförråd för TOEFL - Fysik och Kemi

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om fysik och kemi, såsom "vakuum", "alkali", "jon" etc. som behövs för TOEFL-provet.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
vacuum
vacuum
[Substantiv]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

vakuum, tomrum

vakuum, tomrum

Ex: The vacuum of space between celestial bodies is not completely empty but is characterized by extremely low density and pressure. 

Vakuumet i rymden mellan himlakroppar är inte helt tomt men kännetecknas av extremt låg densitet och tryck.

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to bond
to bond
[Verb]

(chemistry) to merge or be merged by a chemical bond

binda, förena

binda, förena

Ex: Hydrogen bonds with oxygen to form water. 
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composition
composition
[Substantiv]

the parts or elements that something consists of and the way they are combined

Ex: The report examines changes in the composition of the local population. 
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to distill

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

destillera, rensa genom destillation

destillera, rensa genom destillation

Ex: The scientists were distilling the mixture to separate its components. 

Forskarna destillerade blandningen för att separera dess komponenter.

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to compress

to press two things together or be pressed together to become smaller

komprimera, trycka ihop

komprimera, trycka ihop

Ex: He compressed the puzzle pieces together to complete the picture. 

Han komprimerade pusselbitarna tillsammans för att slutföra bilden.

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dark matter
dark matter
[Substantiv]

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

mörk materia, svart materia

mörk materia, svart materia

Ex: Dark matter is thought to play a crucial role in the formation and evolution of galaxies and large-scale structures in the universe. 

Mörk materia tros spela en avgörande roll i bildandet och utvecklingen av galaxer och storskaliga strukturer i universum.

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antimatter
antimatter
[Substantiv]

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

antimateria, materia antimateria

antimateria, materia antimateria

Ex: Scientists study antimatter to better understand the fundamental laws of physics and the origins of the universe. 

Forskare studerar antimateria för att bättre förstå fysikens grundläggande lagar och universums ursprung.

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catalyst
catalyst
[Substantiv]

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

katalysator, aktiverare

katalysator, aktiverare

Ex: In the Haber process, iron is used as a catalyst to promote the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. 

I Haber-processen används järn som katalysator för att främja syntesen av ammoniak från kväve- och vätegas.

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to accelerate

to increase the velocity of something

accelerera, öka hastigheten på

accelerera, öka hastigheten på

Ex: In a cyclotron, charged particles are accelerated by alternating electric fields. 
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alkali
alkali
[Substantiv]

any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

alkali, bas

alkali, bas

Ex: Household ammonia is a mild alkali. 

Hushållsammoniak är en mild alkali.

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solvent
solvent
[Substantiv]

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

lösningsmedel, solvent

lösningsmedel, solvent

Ex: Water is the universal solvent, capable of dissolving more substances like salt and sugar than any other liquid. 

Vatten är det universella lösningsmedlet, som kan lösa upp fler ämnen som salt och socker än någon annan vätska.

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ammonia
ammonia
[Substantiv]

a sharp-smelling gas made of nitrogen and hydrogen

ammoniak, kväveväte

ammoniak, kväveväte

Ex: Ammonia gas is lighter than air and disperses quickly. 

Ammoniakgas är lättare än luft och sprider sig snabbt.

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charcoal
charcoal
[Substantiv]

a hard black substance consisting of an amorphous form of carbon which is made by slowly burning wood and is used as fuel or for drawing

träkol, kol

träkol, kol

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charged
charged
[adjektiv]

having an electric charge

laddad, elektriskt laddad

laddad, elektriskt laddad

Ex: The static electricity in the room caused the balloons to become charged and stick to the wall. 

Den statiska elektriciteten i rummet fick ballongerna att bli laddade och fastna på väggen.

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conductor
conductor
[Substantiv]

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

ledare, konduktör

ledare, konduktör

Ex: The metal conductor in the power cord allows electricity to flow from the outlet to the appliance, powering it up. 

Den metalliska ledaren i strömkabeln tillåter elektricitet att flöda från uttaget till apparaten och ger den ström.

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crystal
crystal
[Substantiv]

a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular repeating structure

kristall,  kristaller

kristall, kristaller

Ex: The crystal has a highly ordered internal structure. 
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ion
ion
[Substantiv]

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

jon, laddad partikel

jon, laddad partikel

Ex: The scientist studied how ions behave in plasma. 
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electromagnetic
electromagnetic
[adjektiv]

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

elektromagnetisk, som avser den kombinerade interaktionen av elektriska och magnetiska fält

elektromagnetisk, som avser den kombinerade interaktionen av elektriska och magnetiska fält

Ex: Electromagnetic spectrum describes the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. 

Det elektromagnetiska spektrumet beskriver frekvensintervallet för elektromagnetisk strålning.

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nuclear fission
nuclear fission
[Substantiv]

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

kärnklyvning, nukleär fission

kärnklyvning, nukleär fission

Ex: The chain reaction in a nuclear fission reactor is carefully controlled to ensure that the energy released is harnessed for electricity generation without causing a runaway reaction. 

Kedjereaktionen i en kärnklyvningsreaktor kontrolleras noggrant för att säkerställa att den frigjorda energin utnyttjas för elproduktion utan att orsaka en okontrollerad reaktion.

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nuclear fusion
nuclear fusion
[Substantiv]

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

kärnfusion

kärnfusion

Ex: The challenge of achieving sustainable nuclear fusion on Earth lies in confining the high-temperature plasma required for fusion and sustaining the reaction in a controlled manner. 

Utmaningen med att uppnå hållbar kärnfusion på jorden ligger i att begränsa det högtempererade plasma som krävs för fusion och att upprätthålla reaktionen på ett kontrollerat sätt.

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to evaporate

to become gas or vapor from liquid

avdunsta, förångas

avdunsta, förångas

Ex: After the rain stopped, the moisture quickly evaporated from the pavement. 

Efter att regnet upphört avdunstade fukten snabbt från trottoaren.

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aluminum
aluminum
[Substantiv]

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

aluminium, aluminium

aluminium, aluminium

Ex: Aluminum foil is commonly used to wrap food because it provides a barrier against moisture, light, and air. 

Aluminiumfolie används vanligtvis för att slå in mat eftersom det ger ett skydd mot fukt, ljus och luft.

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alloy
alloy
[Substantiv]

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

legering

legering

Ex: Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, has been used for centuries in sculpture, weaponry, and coinage. 

Brons, en legering av koppar och tenn, har använts i århundraden inom skulptur, vapen och myntprägling.

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copper
copper
[Substantiv]

a reddish-brown metallic chemical element that conducts heat and electricity well and is widely used in electrical wiring and alloys

koppar,  rödkoppar

koppar, rödkoppar

Ex: Copper conducts both heat and electricity efficiently. 
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magnetic
magnetic
[adjektiv]

having the properties of a magnet and able to attract certain metals

magnetisk,  magnetiserad

magnetisk, magnetiserad

Ex: This metal becomes strongly magnetic at low temperatures. 
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friction
friction
[Substantiv]

the resistance or opposing force encountered when one object moves in contact with another

friktion, motstånd

friktion, motstånd

Ex: There is more friction on rough surfaces than on smooth ones. 

Det finns mer friktion på grova ytor än på släta.

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corrosion
corrosion
[Substantiv]

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

korrosion

korrosion

Ex: Corrosion is a natural process that can be slowed but not completely stopped. 

Korrosion är en naturlig process som kan bromsas men inte helt stoppas.

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mass
mass
[Substantiv]

(physics) the property of matter that gives it weight in a gravitational field and is a measure of its inertia

massa, mängd materia

massa, mängd materia

Ex: The mass of the object was measured in kilograms. 
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density
density
[Substantiv]

(physics) the mass of a substance or object per unit of volume

densitet

densitet

Ex: Daniel measured the object's mass and volume to determine its density. 
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velocity
velocity
[Substantiv]

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

hastighet, fart

hastighet, fart

Ex: The velocity of the rocket increased as it accelerated into space. 

Raketens hastighet ökade när den accelererade ut i rymden.

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lead
lead
[Substantiv]

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

bly, tungmetall

bly, tungmetall

Ex: In ancient times, lead was often used to make coins and statues due to its ease of shaping and durability. 
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graphite
graphite
[Substantiv]

(chemistry) a soft, gray-black form of carbon used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors

grafit,  blyerts

grafit, blyerts

Ex: Graphite conducts electricity, unlike diamond, another form of carbon. 
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mercury
mercury
[Substantiv]

a dense, silvery, toxic metal that is liquid at room temperature and can form different chemical compounds

kvicksilver, levande silver

kvicksilver, levande silver

Ex: Mercury can amalgamate with other metals. 
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nickel
nickel
[Substantiv]

a hard, silvery, malleable, and corrosion-resistant metallic element used in alloys and plating

nickel, nickel

nickel, nickel

Ex: Nickel plating enhances the appearance and longevity of metals. 

Förnickling förbättrar utseendet och livslängden hos metaller.

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plasma
plasma
[Substantiv]

a gas with nearly no electrical charge that exists in the sun and other stars

plasma, joniserad gas

plasma, joniserad gas

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uranium
uranium
[Substantiv]

(chemistry) a heavy, silvery-white, radioactive metal used as fuel in nuclear reactors and in nuclear weapons

uran

uran

Ex: Nuclear submarines are powered by reactors that run on enriched uranium. 
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radioactive
radioactive
[adjektiv]

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioaktiv,  strålande

radioaktiv, strålande

Ex: Radioactive waste must be carefully stored and disposed of to prevent environmental contamination. 

Radioaktivt avfall måste förvaras och hanteras noggrant för att förhindra miljökontamination.

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thermal
thermal
[adjektiv]

(physics) relating to or produced by heat

termisk

termisk

Ex: Thermal vents on the ocean floor support unique deep-sea ecosystems. 
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static
static
[adjektiv]

remaining in a fixed position without moving

statisk,  orörlig

statisk, orörlig

Ex: The image appeared static while the background moved. 
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synthetic
synthetic
[adjektiv]

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version

syntetisk, konstgjord

syntetisk, konstgjord

Ex: She chose synthetic turf for her backyard instead of natural grass for its low maintenance and durability. 

Hon valde syntetisk gräs för sin bakgård istället för naturligt gräs på grund av dess låga underhåll och hållbarhet.

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