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Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL - Fisika dan Kimia

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang fisika dan kimia, seperti "vakum", "alkali", "ion", dll. yang diperlukan untuk ujian TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
vacuum
vacuum
[Kata benda]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

vakum, ruang hampa

vakum, ruang hampa

Ex: The vacuum inside a cathode-ray tube allows electrons to travel from the cathode to the anode without encountering air molecules, facilitating the display of images. 

Vakum di dalam tabung sinar katoda memungkinkan elektron untuk bergerak dari katoda ke anoda tanpa bertemu molekul udara, memudahkan tampilan gambar.

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to bond
to bond
[kata kerja]

(chemistry) to merge or be merged by a chemical bond

berikatan, bergabung

berikatan, bergabung

Ex: The nitrogen atoms bond with each other to form the stable N2 molecules found in the atmosphere. 

Atom nitrogen berikatan satu sama lain untuk membentuk molekul N2 yang stabil yang ditemukan di atmosfer.

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composition
composition
[Kata benda]

the different elements that form something or the arrangement of these elements

komposisi, susunan

komposisi, susunan

Ex: The composition of air includes nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of other gases. 

Komposisi udara meliputi nitrogen (78%), oksigen (21%), karbon dioksida, dan sejumlah kecil gas lainnya.

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to distill
to distill
[kata kerja]

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

menyuling, memurnikan dengan penyulingan

menyuling, memurnikan dengan penyulingan

Ex: During the workshop, they distilled fragrant oils from fresh flowers. 

Selama lokakarya, mereka menyuling minyak wangi dari bunga segar.

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to compress
to compress
[kata kerja]

to press two things together or be pressed together to become smaller

memampatkan, menekan

memampatkan, menekan

Ex: She compressed her fingers together to form a tight grip on the handle. 

Dia memampatkan jari-jarinya bersama-sama untuk mencengkeram pegangan dengan erat.

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dark matter
dark matter
[Kata benda]

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

materi gelap, zat gelap

materi gelap, zat gelap

Ex: Despite extensive research efforts, the true nature of dark matter remains one of the biggest mysteries in astrophysics. 

Meskipun upaya penelitian yang luas, sifat sebenarnya dari materi gelap tetap menjadi salah satu misteri terbesar dalam astrofisika.

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antimatter
antimatter
[Kata benda]

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

antimateri, materi antimateri

antimateri, materi antimateri

Ex: Antimatter is rare in the universe, but small amounts of it can be produced in high-energy particle collisions. 

Antimateri langka di alam semesta, tetapi sejumlah kecilnya dapat diproduksi dalam tabrakan partikel berenergi tinggi.

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catalyst
catalyst
[Kata benda]

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

katalis, aktivator

katalis, aktivator

Ex: Enzymes are naturally occurring biological catalysts that allow complex metabolic reactions to proceed efficiently in living cells. 

Enzim adalah katalis biologis yang terjadi secara alami yang memungkinkan reaksi metabolik kompleks berlangsung secara efisien dalam sel hidup.

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to accelerate
to accelerate
[kata kerja]

to increase the velocity of something

mempercepat, meningkatkan kecepatan

mempercepat, meningkatkan kecepatan

Ex: The physicist designed an experiment to study how magnetic fields can accelerate charged particles to high velocities. 

Fisikawan merancang eksperimen untuk mempelajari bagaimana medan magnet dapat mempercepat partikel bermuatan hingga kecepatan tinggi.

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alkali
alkali
[Kata benda]

any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

alkali, basa

alkali, basa

Ex: The chemist carefully measured the alkali to avoid a violent reaction. 

Ahli kimia dengan hati-hati mengukur alkali untuk menghindari reaksi keras.

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solvent
solvent
[Kata benda]

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

pelarut, solven

pelarut, solven

Ex: Ethanol is commonly used as a solvent to dissolve oils and perfume essences for the production of aftershaves and colognes. 

Etanol biasa digunakan sebagai pelarut untuk melarutkan minyak dan esens parfum untuk produksi aftershave dan cologne.

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ammonia
ammonia
[Kata benda]

a sharp-smelling gas made of nitrogen and hydrogen

amonia, gas nitrogen dan hidrogen

amonia, gas nitrogen dan hidrogen

Ex: The laboratory smelled of ammonia after the experiment. 

Laboratorium berbau amonia setelah percobaan.

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charcoal
charcoal
[Kata benda]

a hard black substance consisting of an amorphous form of carbon which is made by slowly burning wood and is used as fuel or for drawing

arang kayu, arang

arang kayu, arang

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charged
charged
[Adjektiva]

having an electric charge

bermuatan, berlistrik

bermuatan, berlistrik

Ex: The air felt charged with electricity during the thunderstorm. 

Udara terasa bermuatan listrik selama badai petir.

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conductor
conductor
[Kata benda]

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

konduktor, penghantar

konduktor, penghantar

Ex: Graphite is a conductor commonly used in electrodes for batteries and in electronic devices. 

Konduktor adalah bahan yang biasa digunakan dalam elektroda untuk baterai dan dalam perangkat elektronik.

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crystal
crystal
[Kata benda]

a solid substance formed when a chemical compound solidifies, with atoms arranged in a highly regular, repeating pattern

kristal, kristalin

kristal, kristalin

Ex: Sugar crystals sparkle when exposed to light. 

Kristal gula berkilau saat terkena cahaya.

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ion
ion
[Kata benda]

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

ion, partikel bermuatan

ion, partikel bermuatan

Ex: Calcium ions (Ca²⁺) are essential for muscle contraction. 

Ion kalsium (Ca²⁺) sangat penting untuk kontraksi otot.

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electromagnetic
electromagnetic
[Adjektiva]

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

elektromagnetik, berkaitan dengan medan elektromagnetik

elektromagnetik, berkaitan dengan medan elektromagnetik

Ex: Electromagnetic fields are generated by electric currents and can exert forces on charged particles. 

Medan elektromagnetik dihasilkan oleh arus listrik dan dapat mengerahkan gaya pada partikel bermuatan.

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nuclear fission
nuclear fission
[Kata benda]

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

fisi nuklir, pembelahan inti

fisi nuklir, pembelahan inti

Ex: Uranium-235 and plutonium-239 are commonly used as fuel in nuclear fission reactors. 

Uranium-235 dan plutonium-239 umumnya digunakan sebagai bahan bakar dalam reaktor fisi nuklir.

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nuclear fusion
nuclear fusion
[Kata benda]

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

fusi nuklir

fusi nuklir

Ex: Scientists are researching ways to achieve controlled nuclear fusion on Earth as a potentially limitless and clean source of energy. 

Para ilmuwan sedang meneliti cara untuk mencapai fusi nuklir terkendali di Bumi sebagai sumber energi yang berpotensi tak terbatas dan bersih.

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to evaporate
to evaporate
[kata kerja]

to become gas or vapor from liquid

menguap, menjadi uap

menguap, menjadi uap

Ex: The spilled coffee has evaporated, leaving a stain. 

Kopi yang tumpah telah menguap, meninggalkan noda.

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aluminum
aluminum
[Kata benda]

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

aluminium, aluminium

aluminium, aluminium

Ex: The soda cans are made from recycled aluminum, which helps reduce environmental waste. 

Kaleng soda terbuat dari aluminium daur ulang, yang membantu mengurangi limbah lingkungan.

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alloy
alloy
[Kata benda]

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

paduan

paduan

Ex: Stainless steel, an alloy of iron, chromium, and other elements, is highly resistant to corrosion and is used in a wide range of applications. 

Baja tahan karat, sebuah paduan dari besi, kromium, dan elemen lainnya, sangat tahan terhadap korosi dan digunakan dalam berbagai macam aplikasi.

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copper
copper
[Kata benda]

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

tembaga, logam merah

tembaga, logam merah

Ex: Plumbing pipes made of copper are known for their durability and resistance to corrosion. 

Pipa ledeng yang terbuat dari tembaga dikenal karena daya tahan dan ketahanannya terhadap korosi.

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magnetic
magnetic
[Adjektiva]

(physics) possessing the attribute of attracting metal objects such as iron or steel

magnetik, bermagnit

magnetik, bermagnit

Ex: Magnetic materials, like iron and nickel, can be magnetized by exposure to magnetic fields. 

Bahan magnetik, seperti besi dan nikel, dapat dimagnetisasi dengan paparan medan magnet.

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friction
friction
[Kata benda]

the resistance or opposing force encountered when one object moves in contact with another

gesekan, friksi

gesekan, friksi

Ex: Brakes work by creating friction against the wheel. 

Rem bekerja dengan menciptakan gesekan terhadap roda.

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corrosion
corrosion
[Kata benda]

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

korosi

korosi

Ex: Corrosion occurs when metal reacts with oxygen in the air. 

Korosi terjadi ketika logam bereaksi dengan oksigen di udara.

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mass
mass
[Kata benda]

(physics) the property of matter that gives it weight in a gravitational field and is a measure of its inertia

massa, jumlah materi

massa, jumlah materi

Ex: Mass is a scalar quantity, meaning it has magnitude but no direction. 

Massa adalah besaran skalar, artinya memiliki besaran tetapi tidak memiliki arah.

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density
density
[Kata benda]

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

kepadatan, massa jenis

kepadatan, massa jenis

Ex: The density of a material can affect its physical properties, such as its strength and buoyancy. 

Kepadatan suatu material dapat memengaruhi sifat fisiknya, seperti kekuatan dan daya apung.

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velocity
velocity
[Kata benda]

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

kecepatan, laju

kecepatan, laju

Ex: In physics, velocity is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction. 

Dalam fisika, kecepatan adalah besaran vektor yang mencakup baik laju maupun arah.

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lead
lead
[Kata benda]

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

timbal, logam berat

timbal, logam berat

Ex: In ancient times, lead was often used to make coins and statues due to its ease of shaping and durability. 

Pada zaman dahulu, timbal sering digunakan untuk membuat koin dan patung karena kemudahannya dibentuk dan ketahanannya.

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graphite
graphite
[Kata benda]

a soft, black, and highly conductive material made up of carbon atoms that is commonly used in pencils and as a lubricant

grafit, timbal hitam

grafit, timbal hitam

Ex: Nuclear reactors use graphite to slow down neutrons during fission. 
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mercury
mercury
[Kata benda]

a dense, silvery, toxic metal that is liquid at room temperature and can form different chemical compounds

raksa, air perak

raksa, air perak

Ex: Mercury spills require special cleanup procedures. 

Tumpahan merkuri memerlukan prosedur pembersihan khusus.

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nickel
nickel
[Kata benda]

a hard, silvery, malleable, and corrosion-resistant metallic element used in alloys and plating

nikel, nikel

nikel, nikel

Ex: The battery contains nickel as one of its key components. 

Baterai mengandung nikel sebagai salah satu komponen utamanya.

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plasma
plasma
[Kata benda]

a gas with nearly no electrical charge that exists in the sun and other stars

plasma, gas terionisasi

plasma, gas terionisasi

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uranium
uranium
[Kata benda]

a heavy radioactive metallic element used in producing nuclear energy

uranium

uranium

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radioactive
radioactive
[Adjektiva]

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioaktif,  bersifat radioaktif

radioaktif, bersifat radioaktif

Ex: Nuclear power plants generate electricity by harnessing the heat produced by radioactive decay. 

Pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir menghasilkan listrik dengan memanfaatkan panas yang dihasilkan oleh peluruhan radioaktif.

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thermal
thermal
[Adjektiva]

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

termal, panas

termal, panas

Ex: During the hike, I felt the sun's thermal rays warming my skin. 

Selama pendakian, aku merasakan sinar termal matahari menghangatkan kulitku.

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static
static
[Adjektiva]

remaining still, with no change in position

statis, tidak bergerak

statis, tidak bergerak

Ex: The static water in the pond mirrored the serene landscape perfectly. 

Air statis di kolam itu memantulkan pemandangan yang tenang dengan sempurna.

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synthetic
synthetic
[Adjektiva]

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version

sintetis, buatan

sintetis, buatan

Ex: Synthetic fabrics like polyester are created through chemical processes rather than being directly sourced from plants or animals. 

Kain sintetis seperti poliester dibuat melalui proses kimia daripada langsung bersumber dari tumbuhan atau hewan.

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