Zaawansowane Słownictwo do TOEFL - Fizyka i chemia

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

wakuum, absolutne wakuum

(chemistry) to merge or be merged by a chemical bond

wiązać, połączyć

the different elements that form something or the arrangement of these elements

skład, kompozycja

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

destylować, oczyszczać

to press two things together or be pressed together to become smaller

sprężyć, skompresować

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

ciemna materia, materia ciemna

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

antymateria

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

katalizator, substancja katalityczna

to increase the velocity of something

przyspieszać, zaostrzać

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

alkalia, zasada

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

rozpuszczalnik

a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution

amoniak

a hard black substance consisting of an amorphous form of carbon which is made by slowly burning wood and is used as fuel or for drawing

węgiel drzewny, węgiel

having an electric charge

naładowany, elektryzowany

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

przewodnik, materiał przewodzący

a substance of small size and equal sides, formed naturally when turns to solid

kryształ, kryształy

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

jon

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

elektromagnetyczny

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

fuzja jądrowa, rozszczepienie jądra

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

fuzja jądrowa, fuzja jąder

to become gas or vapor from liquid

odparować, wyparować

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

aluminium, aluminium (po polsku)

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

stop metalu

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

miedź

(physics) possessing the attribute of attracting metal objects such as iron or steel

magnetyczny

the resistance that two surfaces moving on each other encounter

tarcie, otrzew

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

korozja, niszczenie

(physics) the property of matter that gives it weight in a gravitational field and is a measure of its inertia

masa, masa (fizyka)

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

gęstość

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

prędkość, szybkość

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

ołów, ciężki metal

a soft, black, and highly conductive material made up of carbon atoms that is commonly used in pencils and as a lubricant

grafit, grafit (w ołówkach)

a heavy silver-colored and poisonous metal that has a liquid state in the ordinary temperature

rtęć

a chemical element and a silver-white metal used in making alloys

nikiel

a gas with nearly no electrical charge that exists in the sun and other stars

plazma

a heavy radioactive metallic element used in producing nuclear energy

uran

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioaktywny, radioaktywna

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

termiczny, cieplny

remaining still, with no change in position

statyczny, nieruchomy

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version

syntetyczny, sztuczny