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TOEFL のための上級語彙 - 物理学と化学

TOEFL試験に必要な「真空」「アルカリ」「イオン」などの物理・化学に関する英単語を学びます。

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
vacuum

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

真空

真空

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[名詞]
to bond

(chemistry) to merge or be merged by a chemical bond

[動詞]
composition

the different elements that form something or the arrangement of these elements

組成(化学)

組成(化学)

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[名詞]
to distill

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

液体を気体に変える何か

液体を気体に変える何か

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[動詞]
to compress

to press two things together or be pressed together to become smaller

[動詞]
dark matter

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

暗黒物質

暗黒物質

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[名詞]
antimatter

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

反物質

反物質

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[名詞]
catalyst

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

触媒

触媒

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[名詞]
to accelerate

to increase the velocity of something

スピードアップ

スピードアップ

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[動詞]
alkali

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

アルカリ

アルカリ

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[名詞]
solvent

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

溶剤(化学)

溶剤(化学)

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[名詞]
ammonia

a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution

アンモニア

アンモニア

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[名詞]
charcoal

a hard black substance consisting of an amorphous form of carbon which is made by slowly burning wood and is used as fuel or for drawing

木炭

木炭

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[名詞]
charged

having an electric charge

充電済み (化学)

充電済み (化学)

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[形容詞]
conductor

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

電流の導体

電流の導体

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[名詞]
crystal

a substance of small size and equal sides, formed naturally when turns to solid

結晶

結晶

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[名詞]
ion

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

イオン

イオン

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[名詞]
electromagnetic

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

電磁

電磁

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[形容詞]
nuclear fission

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

核分裂

核分裂

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[名詞]
nuclear fusion

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

核分裂

核分裂

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[名詞]
to evaporate

to become gas or vapor from liquid

[動詞]
aluminum

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

アルミニウム

アルミニウム

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[名詞]
alloy

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

合金

合金

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[名詞]
copper

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

銅

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[名詞]
magnetic

(physics) possessing the attribute of attracting metal objects such as iron or steel

磁気

磁気

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[形容詞]
friction

the resistance that two surfaces moving on each other encounter

摩擦

摩擦

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[名詞]
corrosion

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

腐食

腐食

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[名詞]
mass

(physics) the property of matter that gives it weight in a gravitational field and is a measure of its inertia

質量(物理学)

質量(物理学)

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[名詞]
density

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

密度

密度

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[名詞]
velocity

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

速度

速度

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[名詞]
lead

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

鉛

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[名詞]
graphite

a soft, black, and highly conductive material made up of carbon atoms that is commonly used in pencils and as a lubricant

黒鉛

黒鉛

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[名詞]
mercury

a heavy silver-colored and poisonous metal that has a liquid state in the ordinary temperature

水銀

水銀

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[名詞]
nickel

a chemical element and a silver-white metal used in making alloys

[名詞]
plasma

a gas with nearly no electrical charge that exists in the sun and other stars

プラズマ

プラズマ

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[名詞]
uranium

a heavy radioactive metallic element used in producing nuclear energy

ウラン

ウラン

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[名詞]
radioactive

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

放射性物質

放射性物質

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[形容詞]
thermal

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

熱の

熱の

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[形容詞]
static

remaining still, with no change in position

静的

静的

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[形容詞]
synthetic

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version

合成

合成

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[形容詞]
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