Розширений Словниковий Запас для TOEFL - Фізика і хімія

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

вакуум

(chemistry) to merge or be merged by a chemical bond

з'єднуватися

the different elements that form something or the arrangement of these elements

склад

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

дистилювати

to press two things together or be pressed together to become smaller

сжимати

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

темна матерія

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

античастинки

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

каталізатор

to increase the velocity of something

прискорювати

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

лужний

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

розчинник

a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution

амоній

a hard black substance consisting of an amorphous form of carbon which is made by slowly burning wood and is used as fuel or for drawing

вугілля

having an electric charge

заряджений

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

провідник

a substance of small size and equal sides, formed naturally when turns to solid

кристал

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

йон

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

електромагнітний

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

ядерне ділення

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

ядерний синтез

to become gas or vapor from liquid

випаровуватися

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

алюміній

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

сплав

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

мідь

(physics) possessing the attribute of attracting metal objects such as iron or steel

магнітний

the resistance that two surfaces moving on each other encounter

тертя

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

корозія

(physics) the property of matter that gives it weight in a gravitational field and is a measure of its inertia

маса

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

щільність

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

швидкість

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

свинець

a soft, black, and highly conductive material made up of carbon atoms that is commonly used in pencils and as a lubricant

графіт

a heavy silver-colored and poisonous metal that has a liquid state in the ordinary temperature

ртуть

a chemical element and a silver-white metal used in making alloys

нікель

a gas with nearly no electrical charge that exists in the sun and other stars

плазма

a heavy radioactive metallic element used in producing nuclear energy

ураніум

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

радіоактивний

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

тепловий

remaining still, with no change in position

статичний

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version

синтетичний