Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Física y Química

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

vacío

(chemistry) to merge or be merged by a chemical bond

pegarse

the different elements that form something or the arrangement of these elements

composición

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

destilar

to press two things together or be pressed together to become smaller

comprimir

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

materia oscura

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

antimateria

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

catalizador

to increase the velocity of something

acelerar

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

álcali

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

disolvente

a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution

amoníaco

a hard black substance consisting of an amorphous form of carbon which is made by slowly burning wood and is used as fuel or for drawing

carbón vegetal

having an electric charge

cargado

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

conductor

a substance of small size and equal sides, formed naturally when turns to solid

cristal

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

ion

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

electromagnético

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

fisión nuclear

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

fusión nuclear

to become gas or vapor from liquid

evaporarse

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

aluminio

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

aleación

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

cobre

(physics) possessing the attribute of attracting metal objects such as iron or steel

magnético

the resistance that two surfaces moving on each other encounter

fricción

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

corrosión

(physics) the property of matter that gives it weight in a gravitational field and is a measure of its inertia

masa

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

densidad

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

velocidad

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

plomo

a soft, black, and highly conductive material made up of carbon atoms that is commonly used in pencils and as a lubricant

grafito

a heavy silver-colored and poisonous metal that has a liquid state in the ordinary temperature

mercurio

a chemical element and a silver-white metal used in making alloys

níquel

a gas with nearly no electrical charge that exists in the sun and other stars

plasma

a heavy radioactive metallic element used in producing nuclear energy

uranio

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioactivo

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

térmico

remaining still, with no change in position

estático

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version

sintético