Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Physics and Chemistry

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

(chemistry) to merge or be merged by a chemical bond

the different elements that form something or the arrangement of these elements

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

to press two things together or be pressed together to become smaller

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

to increase the velocity of something

any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

a sharp-smelling gas made of nitrogen and hydrogen

a hard black substance consisting of an amorphous form of carbon which is made by slowly burning wood and is used as fuel or for drawing

having an electric charge

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

a solid substance formed when a chemical compound solidifies, with atoms arranged in a highly regular, repeating pattern

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

to become gas or vapor from liquid

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

(physics) possessing the attribute of attracting metal objects such as iron or steel

the resistance or opposing force encountered when one object moves in contact with another

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

(physics) the property of matter that gives it weight in a gravitational field and is a measure of its inertia

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

a soft, black, and highly conductive material made up of carbon atoms that is commonly used in pencils and as a lubricant

a dense, silvery, toxic metal that is liquid at room temperature and can form different chemical compounds

a hard, silvery, malleable, and corrosion-resistant metallic element used in alloys and plating

a gas with nearly no electrical charge that exists in the sun and other stars

a heavy radioactive metallic element used in producing nuclear energy

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

remaining still, with no change in position

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version