托福高级词汇 - 物理和化学

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

真空, 绝对真空

(chemistry) to merge or be merged by a chemical bond

结合, 联结

the different elements that form something or the arrangement of these elements

组成, 构成

to heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

蒸馏, 提纯

to press two things together or be pressed together to become smaller

压缩, 挤压

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

暗物质, 暗质

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

反物质

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

催化剂, 化学催化剂

to increase the velocity of something

加速, 加快速度

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

碱, 碱性物质

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

溶剂

a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution

氨

a hard black substance consisting of an amorphous form of carbon which is made by slowly burning wood and is used as fuel or for drawing

木炭, 炭

having an electric charge

带电的, 充电的

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

导体, 导电材料

a substance of small size and equal sides, formed naturally when turns to solid

水晶, 晶体

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

离子

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

电磁的

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

核裂变, 核分裂

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

核聚变, 核融合

to become gas or vapor from liquid

蒸发, 挥发

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

铝, 铝 (中文)

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

合金

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

铜

(physics) possessing the attribute of attracting metal objects such as iron or steel

磁性的

the resistance that two surfaces moving on each other encounter

摩擦, 摩擦力

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

腐蚀, 侵蚀

(physics) the property of matter that gives it weight in a gravitational field and is a measure of its inertia

质量, 物理质量

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

密度

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

速度, 速率

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

铅, 重金属

a soft, black, and highly conductive material made up of carbon atoms that is commonly used in pencils and as a lubricant

石墨, 铅笔中的石墨

a heavy silver-colored and poisonous metal that has a liquid state in the ordinary temperature

汞

a chemical element and a silver-white metal used in making alloys

镍

a gas with nearly no electrical charge that exists in the sun and other stars

等离子

a heavy radioactive metallic element used in producing nuclear energy

铀

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

放射性的, 放射性

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

热的, 热学的

remaining still, with no change in position

静态的, 不动的

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version

合成的, 人造的