Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL - Aku berpikir, maka aku ada!

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang pemikiran, seperti "etika", "nihilisme", "keberadaan", dll., yang dibutuhkan untuk ujian TOEFL.

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Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL
epistemology [Kata benda]
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the branch of philosophy that studies the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge

Ex: Epistemology asks how we can know anything with certainty .
metaphysics [Kata benda]
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metafisika

Ex: The concept of the soul is often explored within the realm of metaphysics .

Konsep jiwa sering dieksplorasi dalam ranah metafisika.

ontology [Kata benda]
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ontologi

Ex: Ontology explores questions about what exists , how entities relate to one another , and the fundamental nature of reality .

Ontologi mengeksplorasi pertanyaan tentang apa yang ada, bagaimana entitas berhubungan satu sama lain, dan sifat dasar realitas.

hedonism [Kata benda]
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an ethical doctrine holding that the pursuit of pleasure is the highest good and proper aim of life

Ex: Ancient Greek philosophers such as Epicurus developed theories of hedonism .
empiricism [Kata benda]
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(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

Ex: John Locke is a central figure in philosophical empiricism .
nihilism [Kata benda]
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the rejection or denial of all established authority, values, and institutions

Ex: Political nihilism often manifests as distrust of governments .
pragmatism [Kata benda]
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pragmatisme

Ex: Philosophical pragmatism , as advocated by thinkers like William James , emphasizes the practical consequences of ideas and beliefs rather than their abstract or theoretical foundations .

Pragmatisme filosofis, seperti yang dianjurkan oleh pemikir seperti William James, menekankan konsekuensi praktis dari ide dan keyakinan daripada fondasi abstrak atau teoretis mereka.

stoicism [Kata benda]
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stoikisme

Ex: Stoicism philosophy teaches that major life changes and loss , while painful , need not shatter one 's inner strength and tranquility if one submits to fate .

Filosofi stoikisme mengajarkan bahwa perubahan besar dalam hidup dan kehilangan, meskipun menyakitkan, tidak perlu menghancurkan kekuatan batin dan ketenangan seseorang jika seseorang menyerah pada takdir.

subjectivism [Kata benda]
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subjektivisme

Ex: Subjectivism asserts that truth and morality are relative to individual perspectives, rejecting the existence of universal or objective standards.

Subjektivisme menegaskan bahwa kebenaran dan moralitas relatif terhadap perspektif individu, menolak keberadaan standar universal atau objektif.

utilitarianism [Kata benda]
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utilitarianisme

Ex: Utilitarianism holds that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences , with the greatest good for the greatest number being the guiding principle .

Utilitarianisme berpendapat bahwa moralitas suatu tindakan ditentukan oleh konsekuensinya, dengan kebaikan terbesar untuk jumlah terbesar sebagai prinsip panduan.

alienation [Kata benda]
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alienasi

Ex: The constant moving left her with a deep sense of alienation from her peers .

Pergerakan yang konstan meninggalkannya dengan perasaan keterasingan yang mendalam dari teman-temannya.

being [Kata benda]
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keberadaan

Ex: The philosophy class explored the concept of being and what it means to truly exist.

Kelas filsafat mengeksplorasi konsep keberadaan dan apa artinya benar-benar ada.

consciousness [Kata benda]
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a person's awareness, viewpoint, or attitude regarding a specific issue or domain

Ex: His political consciousness influenced his voting choices .
dogma [Kata benda]
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dogma

Ex: The church 's dogma was strictly enforced , leaving no room for dissenting opinions .

Dogma gereja ditegakkan dengan ketat, tidak menyisakan ruang bagi pendapat yang berbeda.

logic [Kata benda]
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logika

Ex: When faced with a difficult decision , she always relied on logic rather than letting her emotions take over .

Ketika menghadapi keputusan sulit, dia selalu mengandalkan logika daripada membiarkan emosinya mengambil alih.

virtue [Kata benda]
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kebajikan

Ex: Patience is often seen as a great virtue .

Kebajikan sering dilihat sebagai sifat yang hebat.

wisdom [Kata benda]
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kebijaksanaan

Ex: The wisdom of the elderly woman was evident in the way she calmly solved problems that others found overwhelming .

Kebijaksanaan wanita tua itu terlihat jelas dalam cara dia dengan tenang menyelesaikan masalah yang dianggap orang lain sangat berat.