Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL - Aku Berpikir, Maka Aku Ada!
Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang pemikiran, seperti "etika", "nihilisme", "keberadaan", dll., yang dibutuhkan untuk ujian TOEFL.
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the branch of philosophy that studies the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge
epistemologi, teori pengetahuan
Skeptisisme adalah topik sentral dalam epistemologi.
a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs
humanisme, paham kemanusiaan
a branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality
metafisika, filsafat pertama
Konsep jiwa sering dieksplorasi dalam ranah metafisika.
the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality
ontologi
Ontologi berusaha untuk mengungkap sifat hakiki realitas, menangani pertanyaan tentang sifat keberadaan, identitas, dan perubahan.
the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds
determinisme, fatalisme
an ethical doctrine holding that the pursuit of pleasure is the highest good and proper aim of life
hedonisme, hedonisme
Para kritikus berpendapat bahwa hedonisme mengabaikan kewajiban dan disiplin diri.
(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind
idealisme, keyakinan pada primasi ide
(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition
empirisme, empirisme
Teori ini mencerminkan empirisme dalam penekanannya pada bukti dari pengalaman.
a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions
eksistensialisme
the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter
materialisme, filsafat materialistis
the rejection or denial of all established authority, values, and institutions
nihilisme, nihilisme
Nihilisme politik sering kali terwujud sebagai ketidakpercayaan terhadap pemerintah.
a philosophical system based on things that can be proved by logic or experienced with the senses, rejecting metaphysics and theism
positivisme
a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions
pragmatisme, filsafat pragmatis
Menurut prinsip pragmatisme filosofis, kebenaran bukanlah konsep abstrak tetapi didefinisikan oleh kegunaan dan efektivitasnya dalam mencapai tujuan praktis.
the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion
rasionalisme, aliran rasional
a system of philosophy based on religious scripts and principles and Aristotelian logic, taught in medieval European universities
skolastisisme, filsafat skolastik
an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason
stoikisme, filsafat stoik
Filosofi stoikisme mengajarkan bahwa perubahan besar dalam hidup dan kehilangan, meskipun menyakitkan, tidak perlu menghancurkan kekuatan batin dan ketenangan seseorang jika seseorang menyerah pada takdir.
a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth
subjektivisme, doktrin subjektivisme
Kritikus subjektivisme berpendapat bahwa hal itu mengarah pada relativisme moral, di mana tindakan apa pun dapat dibenarkan berdasarkan keyakinan individu, merusak norma etika yang sama.
the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people
utilitarianisme, doktrin utilitas
Para kritikus utilitarianisme berpendapat bahwa hal itu dapat mengarah pada hasil yang secara moral tidak dapat diterima, seperti mengorbankan hak atau kesejahteraan minoritas untuk kepentingan mayoritas yang lebih besar.
the branch of philosophy concerned with things that exist and can be seen, felt, etc. as opposed to what may actually be their real existence
fenomenologi, studi tentang fenomena
the feeling that one is different from others and therefore not part of a particular group
alienasi, isolasi
Perjalanan protagonis dalam novel mencerminkan keterasingannya dari masyarakat.
using the previous knowledge, reasoning, or general facts to decide the likely result of something
a priori
using observation or experience to determine the probable cause of something
a posteriori
the state of existing
keberadaan, wujud
awareness, knowledge, or concern about a particular subject or issue
kesadaran, kepedulian
a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance
dogma, keyakinan
Dogma pemimpin politik terlihat jelas dalam setiap keputusan kebijakan yang dibuat oleh pemerintahan.
a particular way or method of thinking and reasoning about something
logika, penalaran
moral goodness or excellence in a person's character or conduct
kebajikan, kebaikan
the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art
estetika
| Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Olahraga | Belanja | Uang dan Bisnis | Kehidupan Profesional dan Pekerjaan |
| Fenomena alam dan lingkungan | Pertanian dan Vegetasi | Aku Berpikir, Maka Aku Ada! | |
