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the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles

etyka

the branch of philosophy in which knowledge is studied

epistemologia

a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs

humanizm

a branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality

metafizyka

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

ontologia

the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds

determinizm

a system of belief that the highest of good is when one is in the pursuit of pleasure

hedonizm

(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind

idealizm, idealiści

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

empiryzm

a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions

egzystencjalizm

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

materializm

a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.

nihilizm

a philosophical system based on things that can be proved by logic or experienced with the senses, rejecting metaphysics and theism

pozytywizm

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

pragmatyzm

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

racjonalizm

a system of philosophy based on religious scripts and principles and Aristotelian logic, taught in medieval European universities

szkolastyka, szkolastycyzm

the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable

sceptycyzm

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

stoicyzm

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

subiektywizm, subiektywność

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utylitaryzm

the branch of philosophy concerned with things that exist and can be seen, felt, etc. as opposed to what may actually be their real existence

fenomenologia

‌the feeling that one is different from others and therefore not part of a particular group

alienacja, wyobcowanie

using the previous knowledge, reasoning, or general facts to decide the likely result of something

a priori, z góry

using observation or experience to determine the probable cause of something

a posteriori, empiryczny

the state of existing

istnienie, bycie

non-existence; a state in which nothing exists

nicość, pustka

the state of being sensible and aware

świadomość, świadomości

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

dogmat

sensible methods of thinking and decision making, especially ones that are based on reasonable judgment

logika, rozumowanie

attitudes or manners exhibiting high moral standards

cnota, moralność

the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art

estetyka

the quality of being knowledgeable, experienced, and able to make good decisions and judgments

mądrość

a teacher of philosophy and rhetoric in ancient Greek with a skeptical attitude

sofista, filozof