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Розширений Словниковий Запас для TOEFL - Я думаю, отже, я!
Тут ви дізнаєтесь деякі англійські слова про мислення, такі як «етика», «нігілізм», «буття» тощо, які потрібні для іспиту TOEFL.
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the branch of philosophy in which knowledge is studied
епістемологія
a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs
гуманізм
a branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality
метафізика
the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality
онтологія
the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds
детермінізм
a system of belief that the highest of good is when one is in the pursuit of pleasure
гедонізм
(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind
ідеалізм, ідеалізм
a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience
емпіризм
a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions
екзистенціалізм
the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter
матеріалізм
a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.
нігілізм
a philosophical system based on things that can be proved by logic or experienced with the senses, rejecting metaphysics and theism
позитивізм
a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions
прагматизм
the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion
раціоналізм
a system of philosophy based on religious scripts and principles and Aristotelian logic, taught in medieval European universities
схоластика, школа схоластики
the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable
скептицизм
an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason
стоїцизм
a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth
суб'єктивізм, особистісний підхід
the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people
утилітаризм
the branch of philosophy concerned with things that exist and can be seen, felt, etc. as opposed to what may actually be their real existence
феноменологія
the feeling that one is different from others and therefore not part of a particular group
відчуження, алегія
using the previous knowledge, reasoning, or general facts to decide the likely result of something
апріорі, попередньо
using observation or experience to determine the probable cause of something
а постеріорі, емпіричний
a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance
догма
sensible methods of thinking and decision making, especially ones that are based on reasonable judgment
логіка, міркування
attitudes or manners exhibiting high moral standards
добродійність, моральність
the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art
естетика
the quality of being knowledgeable, experienced, and able to make good decisions and judgments
мудрість
a teacher of philosophy and rhetoric in ancient Greek with a skeptical attitude
софіст, філософ
