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Vocabulário Avançado para o TOEFL - Penso, logo existo!
Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês sobre pensamento, como "ética", "niilismo", "ser", etc., que são necessárias para o exame TOEFL.
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the branch of philosophy in which knowledge is studied
epistemologia, teoria do conhecimento
a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs
humanismo, o humanismo
a branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality
metafísica, filosofia primeira
the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality
ontologia
the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds
determinismo, fatalismo
a system of belief that the highest of good is when one is in the pursuit of pleasure
hedonismo
(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind
idealismo, crença na primazia das ideias
a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience
empirismo, experimentalismo
a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions
existencialismo
the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter
materialismo, filosofia materialista
a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.
niilismo, negacionismo
a philosophical system based on things that can be proved by logic or experienced with the senses, rejecting metaphysics and theism
positivismo
a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions
pragmatismo, filosofia pragmática
the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion
racionalismo, o racionalismo
a system of philosophy based on religious scripts and principles and Aristotelian logic, taught in medieval European universities
escolástica, filosofia escolástica
an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason
estoicismo, filosofia estoica
a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth
subjetivismo, doutrina do subjetivismo
the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people
utilitarismo, doutrina da utilidade
the branch of philosophy concerned with things that exist and can be seen, felt, etc. as opposed to what may actually be their real existence
fenomenologia, estudo dos fenômenos
the feeling that one is different from others and therefore not part of a particular group
alienação, isolamento
using the previous knowledge, reasoning, or general facts to decide the likely result of something
a priori
using observation or experience to determine the probable cause of something
a posteriori
the state of existing
ser, existência
a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance
dogma, crença
sensible methods of thinking and decision making, especially ones that are based on reasonable judgment
lógica
a positive moral quality or admirable trait in a person
virtude, qualidade
the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art
estética
the quality of being knowledgeable, experienced, and able to make good decisions and judgments
sabedoria
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