Vocabulario avanzado para TOEFL - ¡Pienso, luego existo!

the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles

ética

the branch of philosophy in which knowledge is studied

epistemología

a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs

humanismo

a branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality

metafísica

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

ontología

the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds

determinismo

a system of belief that the highest of good is when one is in the pursuit of pleasure

hedonismo

(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind

idealismo

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

empirismo

a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions

existencialismo

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

materialismo

a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.

nihilismo

a philosophical system based on things that can be proved by logic or experienced with the senses, rejecting metaphysics and theism

positivismo

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

pragmatismo

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

racionalismo

a system of philosophy based on religious scripts and principles and Aristotelian logic, taught in medieval European universities

escolasticismo

the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable

escepticismo

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

estoicismo

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

subjectivismo

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarismo

the branch of philosophy concerned with things that exist and can be seen, felt, etc. as opposed to what may actually be their real existence

fenomenología

‌the feeling that one is different from others and therefore not part of a particular group

alienación

using the previous knowledge, reasoning, or general facts to decide the likely result of something

a priori

using observation or experience to determine the probable cause of something

a posteriori

the state of existing

el ser

non-existence; a state in which nothing exists

nada

the state of being sensible and aware

conciencia

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

dogma

sensible methods of thinking and decision making, especially ones that are based on reasonable judgment

lógica

attitudes or manners exhibiting high moral standards

virtud

the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art

estética

the quality of being knowledgeable, experienced, and able to make good decisions and judgments

sabiduría

a teacher of philosophy and rhetoric in ancient Greek with a skeptical attitude

sofista