Продвинутый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Я Мыслю, Следовательно, Я Существую!
Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о мышлении, такие как «этика», «нигилизм», «бытие» и т. д., необходимые для сдачи экзамена TOEFL.
Обзор
Флэш-карточки
Правописание
Тест
a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs
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гуманизм
a branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality
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метафизика
the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality
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онтология
the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds
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детерминизм
a system of belief that the highest of good is when one is in the pursuit of pleasure
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гедонизм
(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind
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идеализм
a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions
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экзистенциализм
the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter
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материализм
a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.
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нигилизм
a philosophical system based on things that can be proved by logic or experienced with the senses, rejecting metaphysics and theism
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позитивизм
a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions
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прагматизм
the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion
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рационализм
a system of philosophy based on religious scripts and principles and Aristotelian logic, taught in medieval European universities
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схоластика
the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable
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скептицизм
an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason
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стоицизм
a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth
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субъективизм
the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people
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утилитаризм
the branch of philosophy concerned with things that exist and can be seen, felt, etc. as opposed to what may actually be their real existence
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феноменология
the feeling that one is different from others and therefore not part of a particular group
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отчуждённость
using the previous knowledge, reasoning, or general facts to decide the likely result of something
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априорный
using observation or experience to determine the probable cause of something
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апостериорный
a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance
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догма
sensible methods of thinking and decision making, especially ones that are based on reasonable judgment
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логика
the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art
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эстетика
the quality of being knowledgeable, experienced, and able to make good decisions and judgments
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мудрость
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