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本 Solutions - 中上級 - ユニット8 - 8A

ここでは、Solutions Upper-Intermediateコースブックのユニット8 - 8Aからの語彙、例えば「不平等」、「グローバリゼーション」、「請願」などを見つけることができます。

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Solutions - Upper-Intermediate

the unfair treatment of people based on their gender, where one gender, usually women, has fewer rights, opportunities, or resources than the other

性別不平等, 性別差別

性別不平等, 性別差別

Ex: Gender inequality is a problem in many workplaces, where men are more likely to be hired for higher-paying jobs.**ジェンダー不平等**は、多くの職場で問題となっており、男性がより高給の仕事に採用される可能性が高いです。

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

グローバリゼーション,  国際化

グローバリゼーション, 国際化

Ex: The cultural influence of Hollywood is a major example of globalization in the entertainment industry .

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

地球温暖化, 気候変動

地球温暖化, 気候変動

Ex: Global warming threatens ecosystems and wildlife .**地球温暖化**は生態系と野生生物を脅かしています。
homelessness
[名詞]

the fact or condition of not having a home

ホームレス状態, 住居喪失

ホームレス状態, 住居喪失

Ex: She dedicated her career to raising awareness about homelessness and advocating for policy changes .彼女はキャリアを**ホームレス問題**の認識を高め、政策変更を提唱することに捧げた。
immigration
[名詞]

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

移民

移民

Ex: After decades of immigration, the neighborhood has become a vibrant , multicultural community .何十年もの**移民**の後、その地域は活気に満ちた多文化コミュニティになりました。
racism
[名詞]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

人種差別, 人種的差別

人種差別, 人種的差別

Ex: Racism in the police force has been a long-standing issue .警察組織における**人種差別**は長年の問題です。
terrorism
[名詞]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

テロリズム

テロリズム

Ex: Many countries are strengthening their laws against terrorism to protect national security .多くの国が国家安全を守るために**テロリズム**に対する法律を強化しています。
unemployment
[名詞]

the state of being without a job

失業, 仕事がない状態

失業, 仕事がない状態

Ex: Many people faced long-term unemployment during the global financial crisis .多くの人々が世界的な金融危機の間に長期の**失業**に直面しました。
campaign
[名詞]

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

キャンペーン

キャンペーン

Ex: The vaccination campaign was successful in reaching vulnerable populations and preventing the spread of disease .ワクチン接種**キャンペーン**は、脆弱な人々に到達し、病気の蔓延を防ぐことに成功しました。
sign
[名詞]

a symbol or letters used in math, music, or other subjects to show an instruction, idea, etc.

記号, 符号

記号, 符号

Ex: The infinity sign symbolizes something that has no end .無限大の**記号**は、終わりのないものを象徴しています。
to stand
[動詞]

to have a certain opinion regarding an issue

立つ, である

立つ, である

Ex: Where do you stand on this issue ?この問題について、あなたはどこに**立っています**か?
to support
[動詞]

to provide someone or something with encouragement or help

支える,  助ける

支える, 助ける

Ex: The teacher always tries to support her students by offering extra help after class .教師はいつも授業後に追加の助けを提供することで生徒を**サポート**しようとします。
to vote
[動詞]

to show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.

投票する, 票を投じる

投票する, 票を投じる

Ex: He voted for the first time after turning eighteen .彼は18歳になって初めて**投票した**。
to write
[動詞]

to make letters, words, or numbers on a surface, usually on a piece of paper, with a pen or pencil

書く

書く

Ex: Can you write a note for the delivery person ?配達員にメモを**書いて**もらえますか?

a musical performance or event organized to raise money or awareness for a particular cause or charity

慈善コンサート, ベネフィットコンサート

慈善コンサート, ベネフィットコンサート

Ex: Tickets for the benefit concert were sold out within hours , with all proceeds going to the homeless shelter .チャリティー**コンサート**のチケットは数時間で完売し、全収益がホームレスシェルターに寄付されます。
election day
[名詞]

the day on which citizens of a country go to the polls to cast their vote in an election

選挙の日, 投票日

選挙の日, 投票日

Ex: She made sure to arrive early on election day to avoid the afternoon rush at the polls .彼女は投票所の午後の混雑を避けるため、**選挙の日**に早く到着するようにした。
interview
[名詞]

a formal meeting during which a journalist asks a famous person different questions about specific subjects for publication

インタビュー,  面談

インタビュー, 面談

Ex: The journalist conducted an interview with the politician regarding recent policy changes .ジャーナリストは最近の政策変更について政治家に**インタビュー**を行った。
political
[形容詞]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

政治的な

政治的な

Ex: The media plays a crucial role in informing the public about political developments and holding elected officials accountable .メディアは、**政治的**な進展について公衆に情報を提供し、選出された役人を説明責任に追い込む上で重要な役割を果たします。
debate
[名詞]

a discussion about a particular issue between two opposing sides, mainly held publicly

討論

討論

Ex: The debate over healthcare reform continues to be a contentious issue in politics .医療改革をめぐる**議論**は、政治において依然として論争の的となっています。
parliament
[名詞]

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

議会

議会

Ex: The opposition party criticized the government 's policies during the parliament meeting .
candidate
[名詞]

someone who is competing in an election or for a job position

候補者, 立候補者

候補者, 立候補者

Ex: The candidate promised to tackle climate change if elected .**候補者**は、選出されれば気候変動に取り組むと約束した。
coalition
[名詞]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

連合, 同盟

連合, 同盟

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .労働組合は学生団体と**連合**を結成し、より良い労働条件と手頃な価格の教育を提唱しました。
constituency
[名詞]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

選挙区, 有権者

選挙区, 有権者

Ex: A survey was conducted to gauge the opinion of the constituency on the new tax reform .新しい税制改革について**選挙区**の意見を測るための調査が行われた。

a political event in which voters choose their representatives in a government at the national or state level

総選挙

総選挙

Ex: The candidate is preparing for a general election campaign that will focus on healthcare reform .候補者は、医療改革に焦点を当てた**総選挙**に向けて準備を進めています。
protest
[名詞]

an organized public demonstration expressing strong disapproval of an official policy or action

抗議

抗議

Ex: The community held a peaceful protest to express their concerns about the development plans .コミュニティは開発計画に関する懸念を表明するために平和的な**抗議**を行いました。

to show clearly that something is true or exists by providing proof or evidence

実証する, 証明する

実証する, 証明する

Ex: She demonstrated her leadership abilities by organizing a successful event .彼女は成功したイベントを組織することでリーダーシップ能力を**示しました**。
to go on
[動詞]

to start operating or functioning

作動し始める, 起動する

作動し始める, 起動する

Ex: The heating system goes on automatically when the temperature drops below a certain level .暖房システムは、温度が一定のレベルを下回ると自動的に**作動します**。

a display of support for or protest against something or someone by a march or public meeting

デモンストレーション

デモンストレーション

Ex: The political party organized a demonstration to protest against corruption in government .その政党は政府の腐敗に抗議するために**デモ**を組織した。
march
[名詞]

a formal, organized, and usually ceremonial procession of people, often military personnel, moving in a uniform and rhythmic way

行進, パレード

行進, パレード

Ex: The march ended in front of the government building .**行進**は政府の建物の前で終わった。
to hold
[動詞]

to organize a specific event, such as a meeting, party, election, etc.

開催する, 持つ

開催する, 持つ

Ex: The CEO held negotiations with potential investors .CEOは潜在的な投資家との交渉を**開催しました**。
rally
[名詞]

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

集会, ラリー

集会, ラリー

Ex: He was arrested during the rally for protesting against government policies he viewed as unfair .彼は不公平と見なした政府の政策に抗議したため、**集会**中に逮捕されました。
to hold up
[動詞]

to provide support or lift to something or someone, often by bearing the weight or preventing it from falling or collapsing

支える, 持ち上げる

支える, 持ち上げる

Ex: The wall can hold up the heavy bookshelves .壁は重い本棚を**支える**ことができます。
placard
[名詞]

a sign or poster that is usually used for public display, often for advertising or promoting a message or cause

プラカード, ポスター

プラカード, ポスター

Ex: They handed out placards at the demonstration to encourage people to join the cause .彼らは人々をその大義に参加するよう促すため、デモで**プラカード**を配った。
to listen
[動詞]

to give our attention to the sound a person or thing is making

聞く

聞く

Ex: She likes to listen to classical music while studying .彼女は勉強しながらクラシック音楽を**聴く**のが好きです。
speech
[名詞]

a formal talk about a particular topic given to an audience

スピーチ

スピーチ

Ex: He practiced his acceptance speech in front of the mirror before the award ceremony .彼は授賞式の前に鏡の前で受賞**スピーチ**を練習しました。
to shout
[動詞]

to speak loudly, often associated with expressing anger or when you cannot hear what the other person is saying

叫ぶ, 怒鳴る

叫ぶ, 怒鳴る

Ex: When caught in a sudden rainstorm , they had to shout to communicate over the sound of the pouring rain .突然の豪雨に遭ったとき、彼らは激しい雨の音を超えてコミュニケーションを取るために**叫ば**なければならなかった。
slogan
[名詞]

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

スローガン, 標語

スローガン, 標語

Ex: The environmental group 's slogan " Save the Earth , One Step at a Time " resonated deeply with the public during their campaign .環境グループの**スローガン**「地球を救おう、一歩ずつ」は、キャンペーン中に深く共感を呼びました。
to sign
[動詞]

to write one's name or mark on a document to indicate acceptance, approval, or endorsement of its contents

署名する

署名する

Ex: Right now , the executive is actively signing letters for the upcoming mailing .現在、役員は今後の郵送のために積極的に手紙に**署名**しています。
petition
[名詞]

a written request, signed by a group of people, that asks an organization or government to take a specific action

請願, 嘆願書

請願, 嘆願書

global
[形容詞]

regarding or affecting the entire world

グローバル, 世界的

グローバル, 世界的

Ex: The internet enables global communication and access to information across continents .インターネットは、大陸を越えた**グローバル**なコミュニケーションと情報へのアクセスを可能にします。
issue
[名詞]

problems or difficulties that arise, especially in relation to a service or facility, which require resolution or attention

問題, 困難

問題, 困難

Ex: The bank faced an issue with its online banking portal , causing inconvenience to users .銀行はオンラインバンキングポータルに**問題**が発生し、ユーザーに不便をかけた。
censorship
[名詞]

the act of banning or deleting information that could be valuable to the enemy

検閲, 情報統制

検閲, 情報統制

Ex: Censorship of the media during wartime is common to prevent the enemy from gaining strategic information .戦時中のメディアの**検閲**は、敵が戦略的情報を得るのを防ぐために一般的です。
corruption
[名詞]

illegal and dishonest behavior of someone, particularly one who is in a position of power

腐敗, 賄賂

腐敗, 賄賂

Ex: He was accused of corruption after accepting kickbacks from contractors in exchange for favorable deals .有利な取引の見返りとして業者からリベートを受け取った後、彼は**腐敗**で告発された。
disease
[名詞]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

病気, 疾患

病気, 疾患

Ex: The disease is spreading rapidly through the population .**病気**が人口を通じて急速に広がっています。
famine
[名詞]

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

飢饉, 食糧不足

飢饉, 食糧不足

Ex: The famine caused great suffering among the population .**飢饉**は人口に大きな苦しみをもたらしました。

a situation in government where no one political party or group has more than half of the total number of seats in the parliament

ハングパーラメント, 過半数なしの議会

ハングパーラメント, 過半数なしの議会

Ex: The political instability caused by the hung parliament made it challenging to address urgent national issues.**ハングパーラメント**によって引き起こされた政治的不安定は、緊急の国家的問題に対処することを困難にしました。
majority
[名詞]

the greater number of votes by which a candidate or party wins an election

過半数

過半数

Ex: To form a government , the party needed to gain a majority in the national assembly .政府を形成するために、党は国民議会で**過半数**を獲得する必要がありました。
member
[名詞]

someone or something that is in a specific group, club, or organization

メンバー, 会員

メンバー, 会員

Ex: To become a member, you need to fill out this application form .**メンバー**になるには、この申し込みフォームに記入する必要があります。

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

首相, 政府の長

首相, 政府の長

Ex: The Prime Minister's term in office ended after a successful vote of no confidence in Parliament.**首相**の任期は、議会での成功した不信任投票の後に終了しました。

a system of voting where the number of seats won by a political party or group of candidates is proportional to the number of votes they receive from the electorate

比例代表制, 比例代表制度

比例代表制, 比例代表制度

vote
[名詞]

an official choice made by an individual or a group of people in a meeting or election

投票

投票

Ex: The committee conducted a vote to decide the winner of the design competition .委員会はデザインコンペの勝者を決めるために**投票**を行いました。

any movie, picture, note, etc. designed to promote products or services to the public

広告, 宣伝

広告, 宣伝

Ex: The government released an advertisement about the importance of vaccinations .政府は予防接種の重要性についての**広告**を発表しました。
to organize
[動詞]

to put things into a particular order or structure

整理する, 組織する

整理する, 組織する

Ex: Can you please organize the books on the shelf by genre ?本をジャンル別に棚に**整理**していただけますか?

a type of explosive device that derives its destructive power from nuclear reactions

核兵器

核兵器

Ex: Some argue that the presence of nuclear weapons has prevented large-scale wars through the concept of deterrence .一部の人々は、**核兵器**の存在が抑止の概念を通じて大規模な戦争を防いだと主張している。
本 Solutions - 中上級
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