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کتاب 'سلوشنز' فوق متوسط - واحد 8 - 8A

در اینجا واژگان واحد 8 - 8A در کتاب Solutions Upper-Intermediate را پیدا خواهید کرد، مانند "نابرابری"، "جهانی شدن"، "درخواست"، و غیره.

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شروع یادگیری
Solutions - Upper-Intermediate
gender inequality

the unfair treatment of people based on their gender, where one gender, usually women, has fewer rights, opportunities, or resources than the other

نابرابری جنسیتی, تبعیض جنسیتی

نابرابری جنسیتی, تبعیض جنسیتی

Ex: Gender inequality is a problem in many workplaces, where men are more likely to be hired for higher-paying jobs. 

نابرابری جنسیتی در بسیاری از محیط‌های کاری یک مشکل است، جایی که مردان بیشتر احتمال دارد برای مشاغل با درآمد بالاتر استخدام شوند.

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globalization

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

جهانی‌سازی, جهانی‌شدن

جهانی‌سازی, جهانی‌شدن

Ex: The spread of social media is a key driver of globalization, connecting people across continents. 

گسترش رسانه‌های اجتماعی یک محرک کلیدی جهانی‌سازی است که مردم را در سراسر قاره‌ها به هم متصل می‌کند.

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global warming

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

گرمایش جهانی

گرمایش جهانی

Ex: Reducing carbon emissions can help slow global warming. 

کاهش انتشار کربن می‌تواند به کند کردن گرمایش جهانی کمک کند.

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homelessness
homelessness
[اسم]

the fact or condition of not having a home

بی‌خانمانی, آوارگی

بی‌خانمانی, آوارگی

Ex: Homelessness can result from a variety of factors, including job loss, mental illness, or family breakdowns. 

بی‌خانمانی می‌تواند ناشی از عوامل مختلفی از جمله از دست دادن شغل، بیماری روانی یا فروپاشی خانواده باشد.

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immigration
immigration
[اسم]

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

مهاجرت

مهاجرت

Ex: The new immigration policies are aimed at controlling the flow of people across the border. 

سیاست‌های جدید مهاجرت با هدف کنترل جریان افراد مرزی طراحی شده‌اند.

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racism
racism
[اسم]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

نژادپرستی

نژادپرستی

Ex: Racism in the police force has been a long-standing issue. 

نژادپرستی در نیروی پلیس مدت‌هاست که یک مسئله بوده است.

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terrorism
terrorism
[اسم]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

تروریسم, هراس‌افکنی

تروریسم, هراس‌افکنی

Ex: International efforts are ongoing to prevent terrorism and promote peace. 

تلاش‌های بین‌المللی برای جلوگیری از تروریسم و ترویج صلح ادامه دارد.

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unemployment
unemployment
[اسم]

the state of being without a job

بیکاری, عدم اشتغال

بیکاری, عدم اشتغال

Ex: She struggled with unemployment after being laid off from the factory. 
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campaign
campaign
[اسم]

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

کمپین, پویش

کمپین, پویش

Ex: The organization launched a campaign to raise awareness about road safety. 
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sign
sign
[اسم]

a symbol or letters used in math, music, or other subjects to show an instruction, idea, etc.

علامت, نشانه

علامت, نشانه

Ex: Put a minus sign in front of negative numbers. 
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to stand
to stand
[فعل]

to have a certain opinion regarding an issue

موضع داشتن, عقیده داشتن

موضع داشتن, عقیده داشتن

Ex: She stands for equal treatment. 
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to support
to support
[فعل]

to provide someone or something with encouragement or help

حمایت کردن

حمایت کردن

Ex: She supported her friend through a difficult period. 
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to vote
to vote
[فعل]

to show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.

رأی دادن

رأی دادن

Ex: Citizens vote in elections to choose their representatives. 
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to write
to write
[فعل]

to make letters, words, or numbers on a surface, usually on a piece of paper, with a pen or pencil

نوشتن

نوشتن

Ex: She wrote her name at the top of the page. 
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benefit concert

a musical performance or event organized to raise money or awareness for a particular cause or charity

کنسرت یا مراسمی جهت کمک به خیریه

کنسرت یا مراسمی جهت کمک به خیریه

Ex: Several famous musicians performed at the benefit concert to help raise funds for disaster relief. 

چندین موسیقیدان مشهور در کنسرت خیریه اجرا کردند تا به جمع‌آوری کمک‌های مالی برای امداد رسانی به حوادث کمک کنند.

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election day
election day
[اسم]

the day on which citizens of a country go to the polls to cast their vote in an election

روز انتخابات

روز انتخابات

Ex: Many people take time off work on election day to ensure they can vote. 

بسیاری از مردم در روز انتخابات مرخصی می‌گیرند تا مطمئن شوند که می‌توانند رأی دهند.

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interview
interview
[اسم]

a formal meeting during which a journalist asks a famous person different questions about specific subjects for publication

مصاحبه

مصاحبه

Ex: The magazine published an interview with the actor. 
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political
political
[صفت]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

سیاسی

سیاسی

Ex: She pursued a career in political science to better understand the workings of government and public policy. 

او برای درک بهتر عملکرد دولت و سیاست عمومی، شغلی در علوم سیاسی دنبال کرد.

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debate
debate
[اسم]

a discussion about a particular issue between two opposing sides, mainly held publicly

مناظره, بحث

مناظره, بحث

Ex: The candidates participated in a televised debate about economic policy. 
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parliament
parliament
[اسم]

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

مجلس, پارلمان

مجلس, پارلمان

Ex: Parliament met to discuss the proposed law. 
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candidate
candidate
[اسم]

someone who is competing in an election or for a job position

کاندیدا (در انتخابات), نامزد

کاندیدا (در انتخابات), نامزد

Ex: The candidate for mayor gave a speech at the rally. 
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coalition
coalition
[اسم]

an alliance of different groups, political parties, or countries formed to work together for a particular purpose

ائتلاف, اتحاد

ائتلاف, اتحاد

Ex: Several community groups created a coalition to support the project. 
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constituency
constituency
[اسم]

the people in a particular area who are represented by an elected member of a parliament or legislature

رأی‌دهندگان یک حوزهٔ انتخابیه, اهالی دارای حق رأی در حوزهٔ انتخابیه

رأی‌دهندگان یک حوزهٔ انتخابیه, اهالی دارای حق رأی در حوزهٔ انتخابیه

Ex: Many people in the constituency attended the public meeting. 
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general election

a political event in which voters choose their representatives in a government at the national or state level

انتخابات سراسری

انتخابات سراسری

Ex: He has been campaigning across the country in anticipation of the general election. 

او در سراسر کشور برای انتخابات عمومی کمپین کرده است.

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protest
protest
[اسم]

an organized public demonstration expressing strong disapproval of an official policy or action

اعتراض

اعتراض

Ex: Thousands of people gathered for a protest against the new policy. 
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to demonstrate

to show clearly that something is true or exists by providing proof or evidence

اثبات کردن

اثبات کردن

Ex: The results demonstrate that the new method is more reliable. 
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to go on
to go on
[فعل]

to start operating or functioning

به کار افتادن, شروع به کار کردن

به کار افتادن, شروع به کار کردن

Ex: The heating system goes on automatically when the temperature drops below a certain level. 

سیستم گرمایشی به طور خودکار روشن می‌شود وقتی دما به زیر سطح معینی می‌رسد.

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demonstration

a display of support for or protest against something or someone by a march or public meeting

تظاهرات

تظاهرات

Ex: Thousands of people joined the demonstration in the city center. 
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march
march
[اسم]

the act of troops walking with regular, disciplined steps, often over a distance or as part of maneuvers

رژه

رژه

Ex: The unit completed a long march through the mountains. 
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to hold
to hold
[فعل]

to organize a specific event, such as a meeting, party, election, etc.

برگزار کردن

برگزار کردن

Ex: The mayor is set to hold a press conference tomorrow. 
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rally
rally
[اسم]

a large public gathering held to show support for a cause, opinion, or group

تجمع, گردهمایی

تجمع, گردهمایی

Ex: The organization held a rally to raise awareness of the issue. 
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to hold up
to hold up
[فعل]

to provide support or lift to something or someone, often by bearing the weight or preventing it from falling or collapsing

(بالا) نگه داشتن

(بالا) نگه داشتن

Ex: The safety harness held up the worker on the high-rise construction site. 

کمربند ایمنی کارگر را در محل ساخت و ساز بلندمرتبه نگه داشت.

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placard
placard
[اسم]

a sign or poster that is usually used for public display, often for advertising or promoting a message or cause

پارچه‌نوشته

پارچه‌نوشته

Ex: The placard read “Save the Forest” in bold letters. 

پلاکارد با حروف درشت نوشته بود "جنگل را نجات دهید".

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to listen
to listen
[فعل]

to give our attention to the sound a person or thing is making

گوش دادن, کوش فرا دادن

گوش دادن, کوش فرا دادن

Ex: They enjoy listening to podcasts on their morning commute. 
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speech
speech
[اسم]

a formal talk about a particular topic given to an audience

سخنرانی

سخنرانی

Ex: The politician delivered a speech at the campaign rally. 
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to shout
to shout
[فعل]

to speak loudly, often associated with expressing anger or when you cannot hear what the other person is saying

داد زدن, فریاد زدن

داد زدن, فریاد زدن

Ex: The coach had to shout over the roaring crowd during the intense soccer match. 
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slogan
slogan
[اسم]

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

شعار

شعار

Ex: The politician's slogan focused on hope and change, aiming to rally voters for the upcoming election. 

شعار سیاستمدار بر امید و تغییر متمرکز بود و هدف آن بسیج رای‌دهندگان برای انتخابات آینده بود.

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to sign
to sign
[فعل]

to write one's name or mark on a document to indicate acceptance, approval, or endorsement of its contents

امضا کردن

امضا کردن

Ex: The author excitedly signed copies of the newly published book at the book signing event. 
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petition
petition
[اسم]

a document signed by many people formally requesting action from a person or organization in authority

طومار, درخواست جمعی

طومار, درخواست جمعی

Ex: Emma started a petition asking the school to improve its library. 
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global
global
[صفت]

regarding or affecting the entire world

جهانی

جهانی

Ex: Climate change is a global issue that requires collective action from nations around the world. 

تغییر آب و هوا یک مسئله جهانی است که نیازمند اقدام جمعی از سوی کشورهای سراسر جهان است.

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issue
issue
[اسم]

problems or difficulties that arise, especially in relation to a service or facility, which require resolution or attention

معضل, مشکل

معضل, مشکل

Ex: We are having an issue with the payment system. 
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censorship
censorship
[اسم]

the act of banning or deleting information that could be valuable to the enemy

سانسور اطلاعات

سانسور اطلاعات

Ex: Censorship in wartime may involve editing or removing details that could aid the opposing side. 

سانسور در زمان جنگ ممکن است شامل ویرایش یا حذف جزئیاتی باشد که می‌تواند به طرف مقابل کمک کند.

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corruption
corruption
[اسم]

dishonest or illegal conduct, especially by people who hold positions of power or authority

فساد, فساد اداری

فساد, فساد اداری

Ex: Maria joined an organization that campaigns against government corruption. 
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disease
disease
[اسم]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

بیماری, مرض

بیماری, مرض

Ex: The disease can affect both humans and animals. 
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famine
famine
[اسم]

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

قحطی, خشکسالی

قحطی, خشکسالی

Ex: Many farmers lost their livestock during the famine. 

بسیاری از کشاورزان در طول قحطی دام‌های خود را از دست دادند.

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hung parliament

a situation in government where no one political party or group has more than half of the total number of seats in the parliament

پارلمان معلق, پارلمان بدون اکثریت

پارلمان معلق, پارلمان بدون اکثریت

Ex: Negotiating a coalition government in a hung parliament can be a complex and time-consuming process. 

مذاکره برای تشکیل یک دولت ائتلافی در یک پارلمان معلق می‌تواند فرآیندی پیچیده و زمان‌بر باشد.

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majority
majority
[اسم]

the greater number of votes by which a candidate or party wins an election

رأی اکثریت

رأی اکثریت

Ex: She was elected with a majority of more than 5,000 votes. 
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member
member
[اسم]

someone or something that is in a specific group, club, or organization

عضو

عضو

Ex: She has been a member of the club for five years. 
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prime minister

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

نخست‌وزیر, صدر اعظم

نخست‌وزیر, صدر اعظم

Ex: As Prime Minister, she prioritized healthcare reform and infrastructure development during her term in office. 

به عنوان نخست وزیر، او در طول دوره تصدی خود، اصلاحات بهداشتی و توسعه زیرساخت‌ها را در اولویت قرار داد.

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proportional representation

a system of voting where the number of seats won by a political party or group of candidates is proportional to the number of votes they receive from the electorate

نمایندگی تناسبی, سیستم نمایندگی تناسبی

نمایندگی تناسبی, سیستم نمایندگی تناسبی

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vote
vote
[اسم]

an official choice made by an individual or a group of people in a meeting or election

رأی

رأی

Ex: Each member has one vote in the election. 
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advertisement

a public notice, image, video, or other message intended to promote a product, service, event, job, or similar offering

آگهی, تبلیغ

آگهی, تبلیغ

Ex: The company placed an advertisement in the local newspaper. 
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to organize
to organize
[فعل]

to put things into a particular order or structure

منظم کردن, مرتب کردن

منظم کردن, مرتب کردن

Ex: The secretary frequently organizes files in the office for easy retrieval. 
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nuclear weapon

a type of explosive device that derives its destructive power from nuclear reactions

سلاح هسته‌ای

سلاح هسته‌ای

Ex: The nuclear weapon detonated over Hiroshima caused unparalleled devastation during World War II. 

سلاح هسته‌ای که بر فراز هیروشیما منفجر شد، باعث ویرانی بی‌سابقه‌ای در طول جنگ جهانی دوم شد.

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