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Solutions - Upper-Intermediate - Unit 8 - 8A

Here you will find the vocabulary from Unit 8 - 8A in the Solutions Upper-Intermediate coursebook, such as "inequality", "globalisation", "petition", etc.

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Solutions - Upper-Intermediate
gender inequality

the unfair treatment of people based on their gender, where one gender, usually women, has fewer rights, opportunities, or resources than the other

Ex: Gender inequality often leads to women being paid less than men for the same job. 
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globalization

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

Ex: Globalization has led to an increase in international trade and economic cooperation. 
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global warming

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

Ex: Scientists link global warming to rising sea levels. 
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homelessness

the fact or condition of not having a home

Ex: The city has launched several initiatives to reduce homelessness and provide support to those in need. 
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immigration

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

Ex: The country has seen a rise in immigration due to its strong job market and high quality of life. 
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racism
racism
[noun]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

Ex: She experienced racism at her new job. 
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terrorism
terrorism
[noun]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

Ex: Terrorism poses a significant challenge to global security and stability. 
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unemployment

the state of being without a job

Ex: She struggled with unemployment after being laid off from her job at the factory. 
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campaign
campaign
[noun]

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

Ex: The presidential campaign included rallies, debates, and advertising across the country. 
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sign
sign
[noun]

a symbol or letters used in math, music, or other subjects to show an instruction, idea, etc.

Ex: In mathematics, the plus sign (+) is commonly used to represent addition. 
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to stand
to stand
[Verb]

to have a certain opinion regarding an issue

Ex: He firmly stands against animal cruelty. 
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to support

to provide someone or something with encouragement or help

Ex: Friends and family members often support each other during challenging times. 
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to vote
to vote
[Verb]

to show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.

Ex: Citizens regularly vote in elections to choose their representatives. 
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to write
to write
[Verb]

to make letters, words, or numbers on a surface, usually on a piece of paper, with a pen or pencil

Ex: Can you write your address on this form? 
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benefit concert

a musical performance or event organized to raise money or awareness for a particular cause or charity

Ex: The benefit concert raised thousands of dollars to support cancer research. 
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election day

the day on which citizens of a country go to the polls to cast their vote in an election

Ex: Election day is usually marked by long lines at polling stations as citizens exercise their right to vote. 
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interview
interview
[noun]

a formal meeting during which a journalist asks a famous person different questions about specific subjects for publication

Ex: The magazine conducted an interview with the actor about his upcoming film. 
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political
political
[Adjective]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

Ex: Political debates often revolve around issues such as taxation, healthcare, and national security. 
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debate
debate
[noun]

a discussion about a particular issue between two opposing sides, mainly held publicly

Ex: The candidates participated in a televised debate to present their views on economic policy. 
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parliament

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

Ex: The parliament convened to debate the proposed healthcare reform bill. 
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candidate
candidate
[noun]

someone who is competing in an election or for a job position

Ex: The candidate for mayor gave an inspiring speech at the rally. 
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coalition
coalition
[noun]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
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constituency

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

Ex: The candidate promised to address the concerns of their entire constituency. 
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general election

a political event in which voters choose their representatives in a government at the national or state level

Ex: The general election will decide the next president of the country. 
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protest
protest
[noun]

an organized public demonstration expressing strong disapproval of an official policy or action

Ex: Thousands of people gathered for a protest against the new government policy. 
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to demonstrate

to show clearly that something is true or exists by providing proof or evidence

Ex: The scientist demonstrated the effectiveness of the new drug through a series of experiments. 
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to go on
to go on
[Verb]

to start operating or functioning

Ex: The lights went out during the storm, but the backup generator went on immediately. 
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demonstration

a display of support for or protest against something or someone by a march or public meeting

Ex: The demonstration against the new government policy drew thousands of participants to the city center. 
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march
march
[noun]

the act of troops walking with regular, disciplined steps, often over a distance or as part of maneuvers

Ex: The soldiers began their early morning march. 
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to hold
to hold
[Verb]

to organize a specific event, such as a meeting, party, election, etc.

Ex: She holds a weekly meeting with her team. 
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rally
rally
[noun]

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

Ex: Thousands of people attended the rally to support the candidate's platform on healthcare reform. 
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to hold up

to provide support or lift to something or someone, often by bearing the weight or preventing it from falling or collapsing

Ex: The strong pillars held up the weight of the bridge. 
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placard
placard
[noun]

a sign or poster that is usually used for public display, often for advertising or promoting a message or cause

Ex: Protestors held up placards demanding better workers' rights. 
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to listen
to listen
[Verb]

to give our attention to the sound a person or thing is making

Ex: Listen closely, and you can hear the birds singing in the trees. 
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speech
speech
[noun]

a formal talk about a particular topic given to an audience

Ex: The politician delivered an inspiring speech at the campaign rally. 
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to shout
to shout
[Verb]

to speak loudly, often associated with expressing anger or when you cannot hear what the other person is saying

Ex: Frustrated with the distant conversation, she had to shout to make herself heard across the crowded room. 
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slogan
slogan
[noun]

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

Ex: The company's slogan "Just Do It" became synonymous with their brand, inspiring millions of athletes worldwide. 
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to sign
to sign
[Verb]

to write one's name or mark on a document to indicate acceptance, approval, or endorsement of its contents

Ex: The author regularly signs copies of her books at book signings. 
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petition
petition
[noun]

a written request, signed by a group of people, that asks an organization or government to take a specific action

Ex: Over 10,000 people signed the petition to save the local park from development. 
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global
global
[Adjective]

regarding or affecting the entire world

Ex: The pandemic has had a global impact on public health, economies, and daily life. 
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issue
issue
[noun]

problems or difficulties that arise, especially in relation to a service or facility, which require resolution or attention

Ex: The internet service provider resolved the issue with the slow connection promptly. 
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censorship

the act of banning or deleting information that could be valuable to the enemy

Ex: The government imposed strict censorship on news reports to control the narrative during the crisis. 
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corruption

illegal and dishonest behavior of someone, particularly one who is in a position of power

Ex: The investigation revealed widespread corruption within the government, with officials taking bribes. 
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disease
disease
[noun]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

Ex: Many are working tirelessly to eradicate this deadly disease. 
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famine
famine
[noun]

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

Ex: Many children were orphaned as a result of the famine. 
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hung parliament

a situation in government where no one political party or group has more than half of the total number of seats in the parliament

Ex: The hung parliament meant that no party had enough votes to pass key pieces of legislation. 
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majority
majority
[noun]

the greater number of votes by which a candidate or party wins an election

Ex: The candidate won by a majority of 10,000 votes. 
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member
member
[noun]

someone or something that is in a specific group, club, or organization

Ex: All members are invited to the annual general meeting. 
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prime minister

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

Ex: The Prime Minister addressed the nation to announce new economic measures aimed at boosting employment. 
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proportional representation

a system of voting where the number of seats won by a political party or group of candidates is proportional to the number of votes they receive from the electorate

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vote
vote
[noun]

an official choice made by an individual or a group of people in a meeting or election

Ex: In the upcoming election, citizens will cast their votes for mayor. 
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advertisement

any movie, picture, note, etc. designed to promote products or services to the public

Ex: I saw an interesting advertisement about a new Italian restaurant in town. 
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to organize

to put things into a particular order or structure

Ex: She organized her closet by color, making it easier to find clothes in the morning. 
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nuclear weapon

a type of explosive device that derives its destructive power from nuclear reactions

Ex: The threat of nuclear weapons has led to international efforts for disarmament and non-proliferation. 
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