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IELTS のための語彙 (基本) - 言語と文法

ここでは、IELTS試験に必要な「article」、「determiner」、「abbreviation」など、言語と文法に関するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Words for Basic IELTS
abbreviation
abbreviation
[名詞]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

略語, 省略形

略語, 省略形

Ex: The abbreviation 'CEO' stands for Chief Executive Officer. 
active voice
active voice
[名詞]

(grammar) the voice in which the subject is the agent that does the action of the verb

能動態, 能動相

能動態, 能動相

adverbial
adverbial
[名詞]

(grammar) a word or phrase that adds more information to another word in sense of time, manner, degree or cause

副詞, 状況補語

副詞, 状況補語

apostrophe
apostrophe
[名詞]

the symbol ' used in writing to show possession or omission of letters or numbers

アポストロフィ, アポストロフィの記号

アポストロフィ, アポストロフィの記号

Ex: The apostrophe in "can't" indicates the omission of the letter "o." 
article
article
[名詞]

(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something

冠詞

冠詞

Ex: The teacher explained that 'the' is a definite article used to refer to specific items. 
auxiliary verb

a verb that is used with other verbs to indicate tense, voice, etc., such as do, have, and be

助動詞

助動詞

Ex: The teacher explained that auxiliary verbs like 'have' and 'will' help to form different tenses and aspects. 
clause
clause
[名詞]

(grammar) a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and functions as a unit within a sentence

節, 句

節, 句

Ex: He highlighted the main clause in the sentence with a red marker. 
conjunction
conjunction
[名詞]

(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words

接続詞, 連結語

接続詞, 連結語

Ex: In compound sentences, conjunctions are essential for linking ideas and creating coherence. 
contraction
contraction
[名詞]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

短縮, 短縮形

短縮, 短縮形

Ex: In casual speech, contractions like "don't" and "didn't" are frequently used. 
determiner
determiner
[名詞]

(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation

限定詞, 冠詞

限定詞, 冠詞

exclamation mark

a punctuation symbol (!) placed after a word, phrase, or sentence to indicate strong feeling or emphasis

感嘆符, 感嘆符

感嘆符, 感嘆符

Ex: Use an exclamation mark to show surprise or excitement. 
grammatical
grammatical
[形容詞]

connected to the rules or the study of grammar

文法的な, 文法に関連する

文法的な, 文法に関連する

Ex: Writing with grammatical accuracy is essential for effective communication and clarity. 
imperative verb

(grammar) a verb or verb phrase that expresses an order to do something

命令法の動詞, 命令法

命令法の動詞, 命令法

intonation
intonation
[名詞]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

イントネーション

イントネーション

Ex: In phonetics, intonation refers to the pattern of rising and falling pitch in speech, which conveys meaning, emotion, and emphasis. 
intransitive verb

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

自動詞, 直接目的語を必要としない動詞

自動詞, 直接目的語を必要としない動詞

Ex: An intransitive verb is a verb that does not require a direct object to complete its meaning. 
transitive verb

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

他動詞, 直接目的語を必要とする動詞

他動詞, 直接目的語を必要とする動詞

Ex: A transitive verb is a verb that requires a direct object to complete its meaning. 
part of speech

(grammar) any of the grammatical classes that words are categorized into, based on their usage in a sentence

Ex: Nouns, verbs, and adjectives are all examples of a part of speech. 
passive voice

(in grammar) the form of a verb used when the grammatical subject is affected by the action of the verb, rather than performing it

受動態, 受身形

受動態, 受身形

Ex: Passive voice is often used when the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant. 
period
period
[名詞]

the symbol (.) used to end a declarative sentence or mark an abbreviation

終止符, ピリオド

終止符, ピリオド

Ex: Don't forget to put a period at the end of the sentence. 
prefix
prefix
[名詞]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

接頭辞

接頭辞

Ex: Understanding common prefixes, such as 'pre-' and 'dis-,' can help students decode unfamiliar words. 
suffix
suffix
[名詞]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

接尾辞, 語尾

接尾辞, 語尾

Ex: Adding the suffix '-ly' to 'quick' changes the word to 'quickly,' turning it into an adverb. 
reflexive
reflexive
[形容詞]

(grammar) describing a word that indicates that the action of the verb affects the agent performing it

再帰的, 反射的

再帰的, 反射的

relative
relative
[形容詞]

(grammar) referring to a noun, clause or sentence that has come before

相対的

相対的

to quote
to quote
[動詞]

to say the exact sentence or group of words someone else used in a movie, book, etc.

引用する, 再現する

引用する, 再現する

Ex: During his presentation, he quoted a famous line from "The Godfather": "I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse." 
proper noun
proper noun
[名詞]

(grammar) the name of a place, person, country, etc. with its first letter capitalized

固有名詞, 固有の名詞

固有名詞, 固有の名詞

Ex: Paris is a proper noun because it names a specific city. 
common noun
common noun
[名詞]

(grammar) a noun that refers to an object or a concept in a category but not to a specific one

普通名詞, 一般名詞

普通名詞, 一般名詞

quotation mark

either of the symbols " " or ' ' used before and after a word or words to indicate the beginning and the end of a title or quoted remark, or to mark a jargon

引用符, クォーテーションマーク

引用符, クォーテーションマーク

Ex: She used quotation marks to enclose the title of the article. 
object
object
[名詞]

(in grammar) a phrase or word that receives the action of a verb

目的語, 直接目的語

目的語, 直接目的語

Ex: In the sentence "She reads a book," "a book" is the object. 
abstract noun

(grammar) a noun that denotes a general quality or an idea, rather than a physical object or real world event

抽象名詞, 抽象的名詞

抽象名詞, 抽象的名詞

accent
accent
[名詞]

an emphasis given to a particular syllable of a word, part of a sentence, or note in a set of musical notes

アクセント, 強勢

アクセント, 強勢

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