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数学と論理 SAT - Finance

ここでは、SATを突破するために必要な「返金する」、「緊縮財政」、「財政の」など、金融に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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SAT Vocabulary for Math and Logic
to compensate

to give something, particularly money, to make up for the difficulty, pain, damage, etc. that someone has suffered

補償する,  賠償する

補償する, 賠償する

Ex: Insurance companies often compensate policyholders for property damage or loss. 
to reimburse
to reimburse
[動詞]

to repay someone for expenses or losses they have experienced

返済する, 補償する

返済する, 補償する

Ex: If you provide the receipts, we'll be happy to reimburse you for the business-related expenses. 
to accrue
to accrue
[動詞]

(particularly related to money) to gradually increase in amount or number

蓄積する, 増える

蓄積する, 増える

Ex: Interest accrues on the savings account, allowing the balance to grow steadily over the years. 
to donate
to donate
[動詞]

to freely give goods, money, or food to someone or an organization

寄付する, ドネーションする

寄付する, ドネーションする

Ex: Individuals often donate clothing to local shelters during the winter months. 
to acquire
to acquire
[動詞]

to buy or begin to have something

取得する, 購入する

取得する, 購入する

Ex: Sophie was thrilled to acquire a rare and valuable stamp for her collection. 
to fundraise
to fundraise
[動詞]

to seek financial contributions or donations for a particular cause, organization, or event

資金を調達する, 募金活動を行う

資金を調達する, 募金活動を行う

Ex: They fundraised tirelessly to support cancer research. 
to borrow
to borrow
[動詞]

to use or take something belonging to someone else, with the idea of returning it

借りる, 借用する

借りる, 借用する

Ex: Can I borrow your umbrella? It's raining outside, and I left mine at home. 
to deposit
to deposit
[動詞]

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

預ける, 入金する

預ける, 入金する

Ex: She deposited her paycheck into her savings account to start building her nest egg. 
to garner
to garner
[動詞]

to obtain or earn something desired or needed, typically through effort or skill

得る, 獲得する

得る, 獲得する

Ex: She garnered support from the community for her environmental initiative. 
tariff
tariff
[名詞]

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

関税, 輸入税

関税, 輸入税

Ex: The government imposed a tariff on imported steel to protect domestic producers. 
levy
levy
[名詞]

a charge or fee set, especially by authority or law

課徴金, 税金

課徴金, 税金

Ex: The government imposed a levy on imported goods to protect local industries. 
dividend
dividend
[名詞]

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

配当

配当

Ex: The company announced a quarterly dividend of $1 per share. 
revenue
revenue
[名詞]

the total income generated from business activities or other sources

収益, 売上高

収益, 売上高

Ex: The company's annual revenue exceeded expectations. 
expense
expense
[名詞]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

費用,  出費

費用, 出費

Ex: Keeping track of your monthly expenses can help you create a realistic budget. 
austerity
austerity
[名詞]

strict economic measures implemented by a government to reduce public expenditure and budget deficits

緊縮

緊縮

Ex: The government implemented austerity measures to tackle the mounting national debt. 
commercialization

the process of introducing a new product or service into the market for sale

商業化, 市場導入

商業化, 市場導入

Ex: The commercialization of electric vehicles has increased significantly in recent years. 
commodity
commodity
[名詞]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

商品, 原材料

商品, 原材料

Ex: Oil has long been a highly valued commodity on the global market, influencing economies and politics. 
asset
asset
[名詞]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

資産, 貴重な資源

資産, 貴重な資源

Ex: Real estate is considered a valuable asset due to its potential for long-term appreciation and rental income. 
boom-bust cycle

an economic cycle characterized by periods of rapid economic expansion followed by periods of contraction or recession

ブームとバストのサイクル, 拡大と後退のサイクル

ブームとバストのサイクル, 拡大と後退のサイクル

Ex: The housing market experienced a classic boom-bust cycle, with prices soaring rapidly before crashing suddenly. 
economy of scale

the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to size, output, or scale of operation

規模の経済, 規模の利益

規模の経済, 規模の利益

Ex: Large manufacturers benefit from economy of scale by producing goods at lower costs per unit. 
stock market
stock market
[名詞]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

株式市場, 証券取引所

株式市場, 証券取引所

Ex: The stock market experienced a significant drop today, causing investors to worry about their portfolios. 
fiduciary
fiduciary
[名詞]

a person or organization that holds a position of trust, responsibility, and confidence to manage assets or property on behalf of others

受託者, 信託者

受託者, 信託者

Ex: As a fiduciary, the trustee must act in the best interests of the beneficiaries. 
depreciation
depreciation
[名詞]

a decline in something's price or value

減価, 価値の減少

減価, 価値の減少

Ex: The depreciation of the currency has led to an increase in the cost of imported goods. 
salvage value

the estimated residual value of an asset at the end of its useful life

サルベージ価値, 残存価値

サルベージ価値, 残存価値

Ex: The salvage value of the old machinery was estimated to be $5,000 after ten years of use. 
auction
auction
[名詞]

a public sale in which goods or properties are sold to the person who bids higher

オークション, 競売

オークション, 競売

Ex: The painting was sold at an auction for a record-breaking price. 
transaction
transaction
[名詞]

the general process of purchasing or selling something

取引, 処理

取引, 処理

Ex: The transaction of his public duties requires careful planning and execution. 
subsidy
subsidy
[名詞]

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

補助金, 財政支援

補助金, 財政支援

Ex: The government provides subsidies to farmers to support agricultural production and maintain food security. 
monopoly
monopoly
[名詞]

a situation in which one organization or entity exclusively controls the production, distribution, or trade of a product or service, making other rivals unable to compete

独占, 企業独占

独占, 企業独占

Ex: Many indie bookstores face challenges in a landscape dominated by the monopoly of major online retailers. 
blockbuster
blockbuster
[名詞]

a thing that achieves great widespread popularity or financial success, particularly a movie, book, or other product

ブロックバスター, 大ヒット

ブロックバスター, 大ヒット

Ex: The new superhero movie became a blockbuster, earning over $1 billion at the box office. 
handout
handout
[名詞]

money, food, or other resources distributed freely to those in need, typically by an organization or government

援助, 補助金

援助, 補助金

Ex: The government provides financial handouts to support low-income families during economic downturns. 
tuition
tuition
[名詞]

an amount of money that one pays to receive an education, particularly in a university or college

授業料, 学費

授業料, 学費

recession
recession
[名詞]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

不況

不況

Ex: During the recession, many businesses were forced to close, leading to widespread job losses. 
bankruptcy
bankruptcy
[名詞]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

破産, 倒産

破産, 倒産

Ex: The company declared bankruptcy after years of financial losses. 
stake
stake
[名詞]

an amount of money invested in a business

株式, 出資

株式, 出資

Ex: She purchased a significant stake in the startup company to support its growth. 
consumer
consumer
[名詞]

someone who buys and uses services or goods

消費者, 顧客

消費者, 顧客

Ex: As a consumer, she prefers products that are eco-friendly and sustainable. 
investor
investor
[名詞]

a person or organization that provides money or resources to a business or project with the expectation of making a profit

投資家, 出資者

投資家, 出資者

Ex: The investor provided capital to help the startup launch. 
opulence
opulence
[名詞]

wealth or affluence, especially when displayed in a showy manner

豪華, 富

豪華, 富

Ex: Tourists often visit the city to witness the opulence of its historic mansions and estates. 
overhead
overhead
[名詞]

the regular costs required for maintaining a business or an organization

間接費

間接費

Ex: Rent, utilities, and insurance are all part of the company's overhead. 
outlay
outlay
[名詞]

the sum of money spent

支出, 投資

支出, 投資

Ex: The total outlay for the renovations was $50,000. 
treasury
treasury
[名詞]

the funds and resources that a country or organization controls

国庫, 財源

国庫, 財源

Ex: The government announced a new budget for the national treasury. 
bounty
bounty
[名詞]

a reward or payment given as motivation for completing a task or reaching an objective

報酬, 賞金

報酬, 賞金

Ex: The company offered a generous bounty for employees who referred qualified candidates. 
asset bubble
asset bubble
[名詞]

a situation in which the prices of assets, such as stocks, real estate, or commodities, become significantly inflated beyond their intrinsic value due to speculative investing or market hype

資産バブル, 投機バブル

資産バブル, 投機バブル

Ex: During the dot-com boom of the late 1990s, many technology stocks experienced an asset bubble. 
ledger
ledger
[名詞]

a book or digital record that contains financial transactions and balances, organized by accounts

元帳, 会計帳簿

元帳, 会計帳簿

Ex: The accountant updated the ledger with the latest transactions. 
pecuniary
pecuniary
[形容詞]

involving or about money

金銭的な, 財政的な

金銭的な, 財政的な

Ex: The contract outlined the pecuniary benefits offered to the employees. 
fiscal
fiscal
[形容詞]

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

財政の, 予算の

財政の, 予算の

Ex: The government faces challenges in balancing fiscal priorities while addressing social needs. 
monetary
monetary
[形容詞]

relating to money or currency

通貨の, 金融の

通貨の, 金融の

Ex: The central bank sets monetary policy to regulate the supply of money in the economy. 
lucrative
lucrative
[形容詞]

capable of producing a lot of profit or earning a great amount of money for someone

収益性の高い, 利益を生む

収益性の高い, 利益を生む

Ex: The real estate market in the city is highly lucrative for investors. 
marketable
marketable
[形容詞]

desirable or sought after, especially by employers or in the marketplace

販売可能な, 求められている

販売可能な, 求められている

Ex: His computer programming skills make him highly marketable in the tech industry. 
intensive
intensive
[形容詞]

(in business) concentrating on or using something a lot, such as a piece of equipment, etc.

集中的な, 高密度の

集中的な, 高密度の

Ex: The company adopted a labor-intensive production method to reduce costs. 
profitable
profitable
[形容詞]

(of a business) providing benefits or valuable returns

利益のある, 儲かる

利益のある, 儲かる

Ex: The new marketing strategy proved highly profitable, increasing the company's revenue by 20% in just six months. 
nonprofit
nonprofit
[形容詞]

(of an organization, activity, etc.) operating without the goal of generating any financial benefits

非営利, 非営利の

非営利, 非営利の

Ex: ertaining to an organization or activity that does not operate for the purpose of making a profit. 
capitalistic
capitalistic
[形容詞]

characterized by an economic system where private ownership of businesses and resources drives production and distribution with a focus on profit

資本主義の, 資本主義的な

資本主義の, 資本主義的な

Ex: The country's economy is largely capitalistic, with a strong emphasis on free markets. 
high-end
high-end
[形容詞]

having a much higher quality and price than the rest of their kind

ハイエンド, 高級

ハイエンド, 高級

Ex: She treated herself to a high-end handbag as a reward for reaching her career goals. 
parsimonious
parsimonious
[形容詞]

spending money very reluctantly

けちな, 倹約な

けちな, 倹約な

Ex: Critics argued the government had grown too parsimonious in funding for education and social programs. 
extravagant
extravagant
[形容詞]

costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount

贅沢な, 豪華な

贅沢な, 豪華な

Ex: She threw an extravagant birthday party with live music and gourmet catering. 
affluent
affluent
[形容詞]

possessing a great amount of riches and material goods

裕福な, 豊かな

裕福な, 豊かな

Ex: The affluent neighborhood was characterized by its luxurious homes and upscale amenities. 
upscale
upscale
[形容詞]

high quality, luxurious, or intended for a wealthier clientele

高級, 豪華

高級, 豪華

Ex: The upscale restaurant offered a menu featuring gourmet dishes prepared with the finest ingredients. 
lavish
lavish
[形容詞]

having or showing great expense, richness, or luxury

豪華な, 贅沢な

豪華な, 贅沢な

Ex: The billionaire's mansion was decorated with lavish furnishings and rare artwork. 
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