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決定、提案、義務 - 義務と規制

ここでは、「ガイドライン」、「指示する」、「施行する」など、義務や規制に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Decision, Suggestion, and Obligation
dictate
[名詞]

a rule or law that is issued by someone of an authority

指令, 法令

指令, 法令

diktat
[名詞]

a legally binding command or decision that is issued by someone of an authority

指令

指令

rules that determine what one should or should not do in a particular situation

Ex: If you want to succeed in this role , you must follow dos and don'ts of professional conduct .
due
[形容詞]

(of a payment, debt, etc.) scheduled or required to be paid immediately or at a specific time

支払期日が来ている, 期限が来ている

支払期日が来ている, 期限が来ている

Ex: The next installment for the project funding is due in two weeks .プロジェクト資金の次の分割金は2週間で**支払期日**です。
to enforce
[動詞]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

施行する, 遵守を確保する

施行する, 遵守を確保する

Ex: Security personnel enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .警備員は、すべての参加者の安全と楽しみを確保するために会場の規則を**施行します**。
enforcement
[名詞]

the action of making people obey a law or regulation

施行, 執行

施行, 執行

Ex: Effective enforcement of copyright laws is crucial to protect intellectual property rights .著作権法の効果的な**施行**は、知的財産権を保護するために重要です。
etiquette
[名詞]

a set of conventional rules or formal manners, usually in the form of ethical code

エチケット

エチケット

Ex: Her etiquette at the meeting was impeccable .彼女の会議での**エチケット**は完璧だった。
exception
[名詞]

a person or thing that does not follow a general rule or is excluded from a class or group

例外, 特別な場合

例外, 特別な場合

Ex: The car insurance policy includes coverage for most damages, with the exception of those caused by natural disasters.自動車保険のポリシーには、自然災害によるものを除くほとんどの損害に対する補償が含まれています。

to feel or believe that it is one's moral obligation to do something

free-for-all
[名詞]

‌a chaotic situation in which there is no rule or control

混沌, 無秩序

混沌, 無秩序

ground rule
[名詞]

a set of basic rules or principles on which future behaviors or actions should be based

基本ルール, 基本原則

基本ルール, 基本原則

guideline
[名詞]

a principle or instruction based on which a person should behave or act in a particular situation

ガイドライン, 指針

ガイドライン, 指針

Ex: The teacher provided clear guidelines for completing the research project , including deadlines and formatting requirements .教師は、研究プロジェクトを完成させるための明確な**ガイドライン**を提供しました。これには、締め切りやフォーマットの要件が含まれています。

to place someone in a situation in which they have no choice but to accept one's offer or request

Ex: The evidence of wrongdoing had the corrupt politician over a barrel, leaving them vulnerable to exposure and potential legal consequences.

‌to be unable to act, help, intervene, or assert one's free will, especially due to rules and restrictions

Ex: I've already asked Jameson about it and all he had to say was that his hands were tied.
have to
[動詞]

used to indicate an obligation or to emphasize the necessity of something happening

なければならない, する必要がある

なければならない, する必要がある

Ex: He has to pick up his kids from school at 3 PM .彼は午後3時に子供を学校に迎えに行く**必要があります**。
illegitimacy
[名詞]

the quality or state of not being approved or authorized by the law

不法

不法

illegitimate
[形容詞]

not allowed by the law

不法な,  違法な

不法な, 違法な

in a manner disapproved or not allowed by custom

不法に

不法に

to impose
[動詞]

to force someone to do what they do not want

課す, 強制する

課す, 強制する

Ex: Parents should guide and support rather than impose their career choices on their children .親は子供に自分のキャリア選択を**押し付ける**のではなく、導き、サポートすべきです。
imposition
[名詞]

the action of establishing a new law or regulation

課税, 制定

課税, 制定

infraction
[名詞]

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

違反,  犯罪

違反, 犯罪

Ex: The company has a zero-tolerance policy for infractions of its code of conduct , enforcing strict penalties for violations .同社は、行動規範の**違反**に対してゼロトレランスポリシーを採用しており、違反に対して厳しい罰則を適用します。
to infringe
[動詞]

to violate someone's rights or property

侵害する, 違反する

侵害する, 違反する

Ex: The court found the defendant guilty of infringing the patent rights of a competing company .裁判所は、被告が競合他社の特許権を**侵害**した有罪であると判断した。
infringement
[名詞]

an action that is against a law. regulation, or agreement

侵害,  違反

侵害, 違反

決定、提案、義務
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