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決定、提案、義務 - 義務と規制

ここでは、「ガイドライン」、「指示する」、「施行する」など、義務や規制に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Decision, Suggestion, and Obligation
dictate
dictate
[名詞]

an authoritative order or command that is expected to be obeyed

命令,  指令

命令, 指令

Ex: The officials were expected to obey the dictator's every dictate. 
diktat
diktat
[名詞]

a legally binding command or decision that is issued by someone of an authority

指令

指令

dos and don'ts

rules that determine what one should or should not do in a particular situation

やるべきことと避けるべきこと, 基本ルール

やるべきことと避けるべきこと, 基本ルール

Ex: Before your first day, read the company's dos and don'ts. 

初日の前に、会社の基本ルールを読んでおいてください。

due
due
[形容詞]

(of a payment, debt, etc.) scheduled or required to be paid immediately or at a specific time

支払期日が来ている, 期限が来ている

支払期日が来ている, 期限が来ている

Ex: The rent is due on the first of every month. 

家賃は毎月1日が支払期日です。

to enforce
to enforce
[動詞]

to make sure that a law, rule, or regulation is obeyed

Ex: Police are responsible for enforcing traffic laws. 
enforcement
enforcement
[名詞]

the process of making sure that a law, rule, requirement, or decision is obeyed or carried out

執行,  施行

執行, 施行

Ex: Strict enforcement of traffic laws has reduced the number of accidents. 
etiquette
etiquette
[名詞]

a set of conventional rules or formal manners, usually in the form of ethical code

エチケット

エチケット

Ex: Good etiquette is essential at formal dinners. 

正式なディナーではエチケットが不可欠です。

exception
exception
[名詞]

a person or thing that does not follow a general rule or is excluded from a class or group

例外, 特別な場合

例外, 特別な場合

Ex: The policy requires everyone to wear uniforms, with the exception of those with religious dress requirements. 
to feel honor-bound to

to feel or believe that it is one's moral obligation to do something

free-for-all
free-for-all
[名詞]

‌a chaotic situation in which there is no rule or control

混沌, 無秩序

混沌, 無秩序

ground rule
ground rule
[名詞]

a set of basic rules or principles on which future behaviors or actions should be based

基本ルール, 基本原則

基本ルール, 基本原則

guideline
guideline
[名詞]

a principle, recommendation, or instruction that helps determine how something should be done

ガイドライン,  指針

ガイドライン, 指針

Ex: The company issued new guidelines for working from home. 
to [have] {sb} over a barrel

to place someone in a situation in which they have no choice but to accept one's offer or request

逃げ場のない状況に追い込む, 他に選択肢をなくす

逃げ場のない状況に追い込む, 他に選択肢をなくす

Ex: The landlord knew we had nowhere else to go, so he had us over a barrel. 

大家は私たちに他に行く場所がないと分かっていて、逃げ場のない状況に追い込んだ。

to [have] {one's} hands tied

‌to be unable to act, help, intervene, or assert one's free will, especially due to rules and restrictions

Ex: He has his hands tied now that he has joined the law school.  He can't back you up without endangering his career I'm afraid. 
have to
have to
[動詞]

used to indicate an obligation or to emphasize the necessity of something happening

なければならない, する必要がある

なければならない, する必要がある

Ex: I have to finish this report by the end of the day. 

私は今日中にこのレポートを終わらせなければならない。

illegitimacy
illegitimacy
[名詞]

the quality or state of not being approved or authorized by the law

不法

不法

illegitimate
illegitimate
[形容詞]

not allowed by the law

不法な,  違法な

不法な, 違法な

illegitimately

in a manner disapproved or not allowed by custom

不法に

不法に

to impose
to impose
[動詞]

to force someone to do what they do not want

課す, 強制する

課す, 強制する

Ex: The boss decided to impose a deadline, putting pressure on the team to complete the project quickly. 
imposition
imposition
[名詞]

the action of establishing a new law or regulation

課税, 制定

課税, 制定

infraction
infraction
[名詞]

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

違反,  犯罪

違反, 犯罪

Ex: The police issued a citation for the minor infraction of jaywalking. 

警察は、横断歩道以外の横断という軽微な違反に対して罰則を発行しました。

to infringe
to infringe
[動詞]

to violate someone's rights or property

侵害する, 違反する

侵害する, 違反する

Ex: The company was warned about potential legal consequences if it continued to infringe environmental regulations. 

会社は、環境規制を侵害し続けた場合の潜在的な法的結果について警告されました。

infringement
infringement
[名詞]

an action that is against a law. regulation, or agreement

侵害,  違反

侵害, 違反

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