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健康と病気 - 皮膚疾患と問題

ここでは、"にきび"、"酒さ"、"ループス"などの皮膚疾患や問題に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
acne
[名詞]

a skin condition in which small red spots appear on the face or the neck, mainly affecting teenagers

にきび

にきび

pemphigus
[名詞]

a rare disease where painful blisters form on the skin and inside the mouth due to the body's immune system attacking healthy cells

天疱瘡, 体の免疫系が健康な細胞を攻撃することにより、皮膚や口内に痛みを伴う水疱が形成されるまれな病気

天疱瘡, 体の免疫系が健康な細胞を攻撃することにより、皮膚や口内に痛みを伴う水疱が形成されるまれな病気

Ex: Pemphigus causes painful blisters on the skin, making it a challenging condition.**天疱瘡**は皮膚に痛みを伴う水疱を引き起こし、困難な状態をもたらします。

an autoimmune condition characterized by the sudden onset of hair loss in well-defined patches on the scalp or other parts of the body

斑状脱毛症, 円形脱毛症

斑状脱毛症, 円形脱毛症

Ex: Wearing hats or scarves may be chosen by those with alopecia areata for coverage .**円形脱毛症**の人々は、帽子やスカーフをかぶることを選ぶかもしれません。
psoriasis
[名詞]

a chronic skin disorder causing thick, red, and scaly patches due to rapid skin cell overproduction

乾癬

乾癬

Ex: Individuals with psoriasis may experience itching and discomfort .**乾癬**のある人はかゆみや不快感を経験するかもしれません。

a chronic skin condition causing red, itchy rashes often starting in childhood

アトピー性皮膚炎, アトピー性湿疹

アトピー性皮膚炎, アトピー性湿疹

Ex: Atopic dermatitis symptoms can worsen if scratching persists .**アトピー性皮膚炎**の症状は、かき続けると悪化する可能性があります。

a condition characterized by episodic narrowing of the blood vessels in the fingers and toes, resulting in reduced blood flow and color changes in the affected areas

レイノー現象, レイノー症候群

レイノー現象, レイノー症候群

hives
[名詞]

raised, itchy welts on the skin, often triggered by factors like allergies or stress

じんましん, 発疹

じんましん, 発疹

Ex: Sun exposure can sometimes trigger hives in sensitive individuals .日光に当たると敏感な人には時々 **じんましん** が引き起こされることがあります。

a genetic skin condition characterized by blistering and fragility of the skin

表皮水疱症, 遺伝性の皮膚脆弱性による水疱形成

表皮水疱症, 遺伝性の皮膚脆弱性による水疱形成

rosacea
[名詞]

a chronic skin condition that causes redness, swelling, and small bumps similar to acne

酒さ,  赤ら顔

酒さ, 赤ら顔

a chronic skin condition that causes painful, inflamed nodules and abscesses in the skin's sweat glands

化膿性汗腺炎, 汗腺の化膿性炎症

化膿性汗腺炎, 汗腺の化膿性炎症

scleroderma
[名詞]

a rare autoimmune disease that causes skin and tissue hardening, affecting internal organs

強皮症, 全身性強皮症

強皮症, 全身性強皮症

Ex: Scleroderma may cause difficulty in moving joints due to stiffness.
vitiligo
[名詞]

a skin condition characterized by the loss of pigmentation, resulting in white patches on the skin due to the destruction of melanocytes

白斑

白斑

Ex: Vitiligo affects people of all ages and ethnicities.**白斑**は、あらゆる年齢や民族の人々に影響を与えます。
ichthyosis
[名詞]

a genetic skin disorder characterized by the formation of thick, dry, and scaly skin, often resembling fish scales

魚鱗癬, 魚のうろこのような皮膚疾患

魚鱗癬, 魚のうろこのような皮膚疾患

Ex: Individuals with ichthyosis may require regular exfoliation to reduce scaling .**魚鱗癬**を持つ人は、スケーリングを減らすために定期的な角質除去が必要になる場合があります。

a rare genetic disorder that affects the nails and can cause thickened, abnormally shaped nails, as well as other skin and oral abnormalities

先天性爪厚硬症, 先天性爪厚硬症を伴う外胚葉異形成

先天性爪厚硬症, 先天性爪厚硬症を伴う外胚葉異形成

cold sore
[名詞]

a small, painful blister that typically appears on or around the lips, caused by the herpes simplex virus

口唇ヘルペス, 風邪の瘡

口唇ヘルペス, 風邪の瘡

Ex: Cold sores caused by the herpes simplex virus can recur periodically .単純ヘルペスウイルスによって引き起こされる**口唇ヘルペス**は定期的に再発する可能性があります。
blister
[名詞]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

水ぶくれ, 火ぶくれ

水ぶくれ, 火ぶくれ

Ex: In severe cases , large or infected blisters may require medical attention to prevent complications and promote healing .重症の場合、大きくまたは感染した**水ぶくれ**は、合併症を防ぎ治癒を促進するために医療処置が必要になることがあります。

a rough, scaly patch on the skin caused by too much sun exposure and could turn into skin cancer

光線角化症, 日光角化症

光線角化症, 日光角化症

Ex: Using protective clothing like hats helps prevent actinic keratosis on the face and neck .
carbuncle
[名詞]

a painful, swollen cluster of connected boils on the skin, typically caused by a bacterial infection

癰(よう), 痛みを伴う癤(せつ)の集簇

癰(よう), 痛みを伴う癤(せつ)の集簇

Ex: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help with carbuncle discomfort .市販の鎮痛剤は**癰**の不快感を和らげるのに役立ちます。
eczema
[名詞]

a very common skin condition that causes one's skin to become dry, red, itchy, and bumpy

湿疹

湿疹

frostbite
[名詞]

a serious injury resulting from excessive exposure to severely cold weather or things, causing the freezing of the nose, toes, fingers, etc.

凍傷, 霜焼け

凍傷, 霜焼け

Ex: The doctor explained how to recognize the signs of frostbite to avoid serious injury .医者は深刻な怪我を避けるために**凍傷**の兆候を認識する方法を説明しました。
cellulitis
[名詞]

a bacterial skin infection causing redness, swelling, and tenderness due to a skin break

蜂窩織炎, 細菌性皮膚感染症

蜂窩織炎, 細菌性皮膚感染症

Ex: Red streaks may indicate cellulitis spreading and need prompt attention .赤い筋は**蜂窩織炎**が広がっている可能性を示し、すぐに注意が必要です。
lupus
[名詞]

a chronic autoimmune disease causing inflammation and diverse symptoms like joint pain and skin rashes

ループス, 慢性自己免疫疾患

ループス, 慢性自己免疫疾患

Ex: Sun exposure can trigger lupus flare-ups in some individuals.日光への曝露は、一部の人々において**ループス**の再燃を引き起こす可能性があります。
melasma
[名詞]

a skin condition causing brown or gray-brown patches, often on the face, linked to hormonal changes or sun exposure

肝斑, 妊娠性肝斑

肝斑, 妊娠性肝斑

Ex: The dermatologist prescribed a lightening cream to address melasma.皮膚科医は**肝斑**に対処するために美白クリームを処方しました。

skin inflammation caused by contact with irritants or allergens, resulting in redness, itching, and in some cases blistering

接触皮膚炎, 接触性湿疹

接触皮膚炎, 接触性湿疹

Ex: Common irritants , like certain soaps , may trigger contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals .特定の石鹸のような一般的な刺激物は、敏感な人々に**接触性皮膚炎**を引き起こす可能性があります。
wart
[名詞]

a small, often hard elevation on the skin that is caused by an infection or a virus

いぼ, 皮膚の隆起

いぼ, 皮膚の隆起

a long-term skin condition causing red, itchy, and flaky patches, commonly on the scalp and face

脂漏性湿疹, 脂漏性皮膚炎

脂漏性湿疹, 脂漏性皮膚炎

Ex: Dermatologists can recommend treatments for seborrheic eczema symptoms .皮膚科医は**脂漏性湿疹**の症状に対する治療法を推奨することができます。

a skin condition causing small, rough bumps on arms, thighs, cheeks, or buttocks

毛孔性角化症, 毛包性角化症

毛孔性角化症, 毛包性角化症

Ex: Keratosis pilaris is not harmful but can be a cosmetic concern .**毛包性角化症**は有害ではありませんが、美容上の懸念となる可能性があります。
ringworm
[名詞]

a contagious fungal infection of the skin or scalp, characterized by circular, red, and itchy rashes with a raised, defined border

白癬, 皮膚真菌症

白癬, 皮膚真菌症

Ex: Children are often prone to getting ringworm, especially in communal settings like schools .子供は特に学校のような共同生活の場で**白癬**にかかりやすい。
impetigo
[名詞]

a contagious bacterial skin infection causing red sores that turn into yellowish-brown crusts

膿痂疹, 伝染性の細菌性皮膚感染症

膿痂疹, 伝染性の細菌性皮膚感染症

Ex: Impetigo is common in young children, especially those in close quarters like daycare.**とびひ**は、保育所などの密接な場所にいる幼児によく見られます。
herpes
[名詞]

a viral infection causing painful sores, often around the genital or oral areas, due to the herpes simplex virus

ヘルペス

ヘルペス

Ex: Annual screenings are recommended for those at risk of genital herpes.性器**ヘルペス**のリスクがある人には、年1回の検査が推奨されます。
bedsore
[名詞]

injuries to areas of skin and underlying tissue, usually over a bony prominence, as a result of prolonged pressure on the skin

床ずれ, 褥瘡

床ずれ, 褥瘡

a condition characterized by inflammation and cracks at the corners of the mouth, often caused by a combination of factors including infection, dryness, and nutritional deficiencies

口角炎, 口角の亀裂

口角炎, 口角の亀裂

dermatitis
[名詞]

a general term referring to inflammation of the skin, often causing redness, itching, and various skin conditions

皮膚炎

皮膚炎

Ex: Scratching can worsen dermatitis, leading to more irritation and redness .掻くことは**皮膚炎**を悪化させ、より多くの刺激と赤みを引き起こす可能性があります。
nettle rash
[名詞]

a skin condition marked by itchy, raised welts caused by an allergic reaction or other triggers

蕁麻疹, じんましん発疹

蕁麻疹, じんましん発疹

Ex: Allergic reactions to certain foods can lead to sudden nettle rash.特定の食品に対するアレルギー反応は、突然の**蕁麻疹**を引き起こすことがあります。
cellulite
[名詞]

a condition where the skin on certain parts of the body appears dimpled or lumpy, caused by underlying fat deposits and connective tissue

セルライト

セルライト

健康と病気
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