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IELTS のための語彙 (アカデミック) - 数学と統計学

ここでは、IELTS試験に必要な「控除」、「垂直」、「セグメント」などの原因と結果に関するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Words for Academic IELTS
graph
graph
[名詞]

a diagram using points, lines, or similar marks to show relationships between numerical quantities

グラフ

グラフ

Ex: Sarah drew a graph showing how temperatures changed during the week. 
sign
sign
[名詞]

the property of a number indicating whether it is positive or negative, excluding zero

符号, 代数符号

符号, 代数符号

Ex: The equation includes terms of differing signs. 
deduction
deduction
[名詞]

the action or process of taking an amount away from a total

控除, 差し引き

控除, 差し引き

Ex: In a budget, a deduction shows expenses taken away from the total income. 

予算において、控除は総収入から差し引かれた支出を示します。

mathematically

in accordance with mathematical rules

数学的に

数学的に

Ex: The trajectory of the projectile was calculated mathematically, considering factors such as velocity and angle. 

発射体の軌道は、速度や角度などの要素を考慮して数学的に計算されました。

mathematician

someone who is a specialist or expert in mathematics

数学者, 数学の専門家

数学者, 数学の専門家

Ex: The mathematician worked late into the night on his latest theory. 

その数学者は、最新の理論について夜遅くまで働いた。

parallel
parallel
[形容詞]

having an equal distance from each other at every point

平行, 等距離の

平行, 等距離の

Ex: The two walls are parallel in the room. 
probability
probability
[名詞]

a mathematical measure of how likely an event is to occur, expressed as a number between zero and one

Ex: The probability of rolling a six is one in six. 
problem
problem
[名詞]

a question that can be answered by mathematics or logical thinking

問題, 謎

問題, 謎

Ex: The crossword puzzle was a fun problem to solve over breakfast. 
scale
scale
[名詞]

the size, amount, or degree of one thing compared with another

規模, 大きさ

規模, 大きさ

Ex: The artist had a remarkable ability to capture the scale of natural landscapes in his paintings. 
square
square
[名詞]

(mathematics) the product of a number multiplied by itself

平方

平方

Ex: The square of a negative number is always positive. 
vertical
vertical
[形容詞]

positioned or extending straight up and down at a right angle to a horizontal surface

Ex: The architect added a vertical window beside the front door. 
set
set
[名詞]

(mathematics) a group of things that belong together because of having some similarities

集合, グループ

集合, グループ

Ex: A set can include numbers, letters, or other items that share a common feature. 
axis
axis
[名詞]

the central point or line around which an object turns

軸, 回転軸

軸, 回転軸

Ex: The Earth spins on its axis once every twenty-four hours. 

地球は二十四時間ごとに一度、その軸の周りを回転します。

bracket
bracket
[名詞]

each of the two symbols [ ] used to indicate that the enclosed numbers or words should be considered separately

括弧, 角括弧

括弧, 角括弧

Ex: In mathematical expressions, brackets [ ] are used to group terms or indicate priority in operations. 

数学的な式では、角括弧 [ ] は、用語をグループ化したり、操作の優先順位を示したりするために使用されます。

equation
equation
[名詞]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

方程式

方程式

Ex: Engineers use equations to model and predict the behavior of structures under different conditions. 
to deduce
to deduce
[動詞]

to determine by a process of logical reasoning

推論する, 推測する

推論する, 推測する

Ex: From the evidence presented, the detective deduced the likely sequence of events. 

提示された証拠から、探偵は出来事の可能性のある順序を推論した。

formula
formula
[名詞]

(mathematics) a rule or law represented in symbols, letters, or numbers

公式

公式

Ex: The formula for calculating compound interest involves principal, interest rate, and time. 
function
function
[名詞]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

関数

関数

Ex: The function y = 2x + 3 describes a linear relationship where y changes with respect to changes in x. 
ratio
ratio
[名詞]

the result of dividing one number, quantity, or expression by another

比率, 比

比率, 比

Ex: The ratio between length and width determines the rectangle's shape. 
segment
segment
[名詞]

the part of a circle enclosed between a chord and the arc it cuts off

円の弓形,  弓形

円の弓形, 弓形

Ex: The shaded area represents a segment of the circle. 
asymmetric
asymmetric
[形容詞]

not having identical parts facing each other or around an axis

非対称の

非対称の

Ex: The asymmetric shape of the abstract sculpture challenged viewers' perceptions, with its irregular forms and angles. 

抽象彫刻の非対称な形は、不規則な形と角度で見る人の認識に挑戦しました。

induction
induction
[名詞]

the process of deriving a general principle from specific observations or instances

帰納, 帰納的推論

帰納, 帰納的推論

Ex: Scientists used induction to conclude that all swans in the region were white. 

科学者たちは、その地域のすべての白鳥が白いと結論づけるために帰納法を使用しました。

to divide
to divide
[動詞]

(mathematics) to calculate how many times a number contains another number

割る, 分ける

割る, 分ける

Ex: If you divide 10 by 2, you get 5. 
percentage
percentage
[名詞]

a number or amount expressed as a fraction of 100

パーセンテージ

パーセンテージ

Ex: What percentage of your income do you spend on rent each month? 
algebra
algebra
[名詞]

a branch of mathematics in which abstract letters and symbols represent numbers in order to generalize the arithmetic

代数

代数

Ex: In high school, students typically begin studying algebra to learn about equations and variables. 

高校では、生徒は通常、方程式と変数について学ぶために代数の勉強を始めます。

calculus
calculus
[名詞]

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

微積分, 解析

微積分, 解析

Ex: Calculus is used to find the area under a curve. 

微積分は、曲線下の面積を見つけるために使用されます。

geometry
geometry
[名詞]

the branch of mathematics that deals with the relation between the lines, angles and surfaces or the properties of the space

幾何学

幾何学

Ex: She studied geometry to understand the principles of shapes and angles. 

彼女は形と角度の原則を理解するために幾何学を学んだ。

arithmetic
arithmetic
[名詞]

a branch of mathematics that deals with addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

算術

算術

Ex: Students in elementary school learn basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 

小学生は、足し算、引き算、掛け算、割り算などの基本的な算術演算を学びます。

mean
mean
[名詞]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

平均, 算術平均

平均, 算術平均

Ex: To find the mean, sum all the values and divide by the number of values. 
variable
variable
[名詞]

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

変数

変数

Ex: The value of a variable in an equation can be solved for using techniques like substitution or elimination. 
normal distribution

a function that shows the probability of variables in a symmetrical and bell-shaped graph

正規分布, ガウス分布

正規分布, ガウス分布

correlation coefficient

(statistics) a measure used to show how strong is the relationship between two sets of data or variables

相関係数, 相関指標

相関係数, 相関指標

dependent variable

(statistics) a variable whose value is determined by the value of another variable in a function

従属変数, 説明変数

従属変数, 説明変数

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