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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 動物界

ここでは、TOEFL試験に必要な「爬虫類」、「齧歯類」、「獣」などの動物界に関する英語の単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
creature
[名詞]

any living thing that is able to move on its own, such as an animal, fish, etc.

生き物, 生物

生き物, 生物

Ex: The night came alive with the sounds of nocturnal creatures like owls , bats , and frogs , signaling the start of their active period .夜はフクロウ、コウモリ、カエルなどの夜行性の**生物**の音で活気づき、それらの活動期の始まりを告げた。
wildlife
[名詞]

all wild animals, considered as a whole, living in the natural environment

野生生物, 野生動物

野生生物, 野生動物

Ex: The government has enacted laws to protect local wildlife.政府は地元の**野生生物**を保護するため法律を制定した。
species
[名詞]

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

種, 種々

種, 種々

Ex: The monarch butterfly is a species of butterfly that migrates thousands of miles each year .オオカバマダラは毎年何千マイルも移動するチョウの**種**です。
habitat
[名詞]

the place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows

生息地, 自然環境

生息地, 自然環境

Ex: Cacti are well adapted to the dry habitat of the desert .サボテンは砂漠の乾燥した**生息地**によく適応しています。
freshwater
[形容詞]

living in or taken from water that does not contain salt

淡水の, 淡水産の

淡水の, 淡水産の

saltwater
[形容詞]

living in or taken from water that contains salt or seawater

塩水の, 海の

塩水の, 海の

beast
[名詞]

an animal, usually a wild or dangerous one

獣, 野生動物

獣, 野生動物

Ex: A massive beast emerged from the dense jungle .密林から巨大な**獣**が現れた。
mammal
[名詞]

a class of animals to which humans, cows, lions, etc. belong, have warm blood, fur or hair and typically produce milk to feed their young

哺乳類, 哺乳動物

哺乳類, 哺乳動物

Ex: Humans are classified as mammals because they nurse their young .人間は、子供に母乳を与えるため、**哺乳類**に分類されます。
rodent
[名詞]

any small mammal with a pair of strong front teeth, such as mice, hamsters, rats, etc.

齧歯類, 齧歯類

齧歯類, 齧歯類

Ex: Porcupines , although not commonly thought of as rodents , are classified in the rodent family and are known for their quills used as defense mechanisms .**齧歯類**、一般的にはそう考えられていませんが、ヤマアラシは齧歯類の家族に分類され、防御機構として使用される針で知られています。
amphibian
[名詞]

any cold-blooded animal with the ability to live both on land and in water, such as toads, frogs, etc.

両生類,  amphibian

両生類, amphibian

Ex: Some amphibians, such as the African clawed frog , are commonly kept as pets in home aquariums .アフリカツメガエルのような一部の**両生類**は、家庭の水槽でペットとして一般的に飼われています。
reptile
[名詞]

a class of animals to which crocodiles, lizards, etc. belong, characterized by having cold blood and scaly skin

爬虫類, 冷血動物

爬虫類, 冷血動物

Ex: Reptiles are cold-blooded and rely on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature .**爬虫類**は冷血動物で、体温を調節するために外部の熱源に依存しています。
cold-blooded
[形容詞]

describing an animal that its body temperature changes depending on the temperature of its surroundings

冷血の, 変温動物の

冷血の, 変温動物の

Ex: Relying on moist environments , salamanders , cold-blooded creatures , maintain their body temperature .湿った環境に頼って、サラマンダー、**冷血**の生き物は、体温を維持します。
primate
[名詞]

any mammalian animal that belongs to the same group as humans, such as monkeys, apes, lemurs, etc.

霊長類, 猿

霊長類, 猿

ape
[名詞]

a tailless animal similar to a monkey, such as chimpanzees and gorillas

猿, 類人猿

猿, 類人猿

Ex: Conservation efforts are crucial to protect endangered ape species from habitat loss and poaching .保護活動は、生息地の喪失や密猟から絶滅の危機に瀕している**類人猿**の種を保護するために重要です。
venom
[名詞]

the poisonous substance produced by some snakes, scorpions, or spiders to kill their prey or to defend themselves from predators

毒

Ex: The doctor administered an antivenom to counteract the effects of the snake 's venom.医師は蛇の**毒**の影響を打ち消すために抗毒素を投与した。
to sting
[動詞]

(of an animal or insect) to pierce the skin of another animal or a human, typically injecting poison, either in self-defense or while preying

刺す, 噛む

刺す, 噛む

Ex: If provoked , the scorpion will sting as a means of self-defense .刺激されると、サソリは自己防衛の手段として**刺す**でしょう。

to blend in with the surroundings to avoid being seen or detected

擬態する,  溶け込む

擬態する, 溶け込む

Ex: The stick insect resembles a twig , allowing it to camouflage among branches and foliage to avoid detection by predators .
to breed
[動詞]

(of an animal) to have sex and give birth to young

繁殖する, 増殖する

繁殖する, 増殖する

Ex: Certain fish species display vibrant colors and perform elaborate courtship rituals before breeding.特定の魚種は、鮮やかな色を表示し、繁殖する前に精巧な求愛儀式を行います。
to lay
[動詞]

(of a bird, insect, fish, etc.) to produce eggs

産む, 置く

産む, 置く

Ex: In captivity , the parakeet laid eggs several times a year in its nesting box .飼育下では、セキセイインコは年に数回、巣箱で卵を**産みました**。
mate
[名詞]

each of the pair of the animals or birds that are breeding

配偶者, パートナー

配偶者, パートナー

cub
[名詞]

a young carnivorous mammal, such as a bear, lion, fox, etc.

子, 幼獣

子, 幼獣

den
[名詞]

the hidden place where a wild predatory animal lives

巣穴,  隠れ家

巣穴, 隠れ家

Ex: Rabbits excavate burrows in the soil to create cozy dens where they can hide from predators and rear their offspring .ウサギは土に穴を掘り、捕食者から身を隠し、子育てができる快適な**巣穴**を作ります。
flock
[名詞]

a group of birds of the same type, flying and feeding together

群れ, グループ

群れ, グループ

Ex: With a rustle of feathers , the flock of migrating birds landed in the treetops , seeking refuge for the night .羽音と共に、渡り鳥の**群れ**が木々の梢に降り立ち、夜の宿を求めた。
herd
[名詞]

a group of animals, such as cows, sheep, etc. that are from the same species, which move and feed together

群れ, 群衆

群れ, 群衆

Ex: A herd of horses galloped across the field , their manes flying in the wind .馬の**群れ**が野原を駆け抜け、たてがみが風になびいた。
pack
[名詞]

a group of animals of the same type hunting or living together, particularly wolves

群れ, パック

群れ, パック

Ex: In the Arctic tundra , the pack of snow-white arctic foxes relied on each other for survival during harsh winters .北極のツンドラでは、雪のように白い北極狐の**群れ**が、厳しい冬の間、互いに頼り合って生き延びていました。
paw
[名詞]

an animal's foot that typically has a combination of nails, claws, fur, and pads

足, 爪

足, 爪

Ex: The fox carefully placed its injured paw on the ground as it limped through the forest .キツネは森を引きずりながら、傷ついた**足**を慎重に地面に置いた。
claw
[名詞]

a sharp and curved nail on the toe of an animal or a bird

爪, 鉤爪

爪, 鉤爪

Ex: The tiger ’s powerful claws made it an excellent hunter .トラの強力な**爪**は、それを優れた狩人にしました。
beak
[名詞]

the hard or pointed part of a bird's mouth

くちばし, 鳥のくちばし

くちばし, 鳥のくちばし

Ex: The beak of the pelican is long and can hold a surprising amount of water .ペリカンの**くちばし**は長く、驚くほどの量の水を保持することができます。
call
[名詞]

the sound that a bird or an animal usually makes

呼び声, さえずり

呼び声, さえずり

to change wild animals or plants for human use or cultivation

飼いならす, 家畜化する

飼いならす, 家畜化する

Ex: Some scientists are exploring the possibility of domesticating certain wild plants for food production in the future .一部の科学者は、将来の食料生産のために特定の野生植物を**家畜化**する可能性を探っています。
extinct
[形容詞]

(of an animal, plant, etc.) not having any living members, either due to natural causes, environmental changes, or human activity

絶滅した, 消えた

絶滅した, 消えた

Ex: Conservation efforts aim to protect endangered species and prevent them from becoming extinct.保全活動は、絶滅の危機に瀕している種を保護し、それらが**絶滅**するのを防ぐことを目的としています。
to migrate
[動詞]

(of fish, birds, or other animals) to move to different geographic areas according to seasons in order to breed, find food, or escape harsh environmental conditions

移動する

移動する

Ex: African elephants migrate in search of water and food .アフリカゾウは水と食料を求めて**移動します**。
veterinarian
[名詞]

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

獣医, 動物医

獣医, 動物医

Ex: He pursued advanced training in exotic animal medicine to become a zoo veterinarian.彼は動物園の**獣医**になるために、エキゾチックアニマルの医学における高度な訓練を受けた。
TOEFL のための基本語彙
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