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Zaawansowane Słownictwo do TOEFL - Zbrodnia i kara

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów dotyczących przestępstwa i kary, takich jak "łapówka", "nadużycie", "oszczerstwo" itp., które są potrzebne do egzaminu TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to assault
to assault
[Czasownik]

to violently attack someone

atakować, napaść

atakować, napaść

Ex: The assailant attempted to assault the victim in a dark alley. 
to bribe
to bribe
[Czasownik]

to persuade someone to do something, often illegal, by giving them an amount of money or something of value

przekupić, dawać łapówkę

przekupić, dawać łapówkę

Ex: Businesses were fined for attempting to bribe government officials for favorable contracts. 
to vandalize
to vandalize
[Czasownik]

to intentionally damage something, particularly public property

wandalizować, umyślnie niszczyć

wandalizować, umyślnie niszczyć

Ex: The park was closed temporarily for repairs after vandals had vandalized the playground equipment. 
to launder
to launder
[Czasownik]

to make some alterations in order to make something that has been obtained illegally, especially money and currency appear legal or acceptable

pranie, legalizować

pranie, legalizować

Ex: They used various offshore accounts to launder the stolen funds. 
to appropriate
to appropriate
[Czasownik]

to take something for one's own use, especially illegally or without the owner's permission

przywłaszczać, odwracać

przywłaszczać, odwracać

Ex: The employee was fired for appropriating company funds for personal expenses. 
contraband
contraband
[Rzeczownik]

goods or items whose importation, exportation, or possession is prohibited by law

kontrabanda, zakazany towar

kontrabanda, zakazany towar

Ex: The customs officers seized a shipment of contraband at the border. 
to smuggle
to smuggle
[Czasownik]

to move goods or people illegally and secretly into or out of a country

przemycać, nielegalnie i potajemnie przemieszczać towary lub osoby do lub z kraju

przemycać, nielegalnie i potajemnie przemieszczać towary lub osoby do lub z kraju

Ex: Border patrol intercepted a group trying to smuggle undocumented migrants into the country. 
to abuse
to abuse
[Czasownik]

to cruelly or violently treat a person or an animal, especially regularly or repeatedly

znęcać się, nadużywać

znęcać się, nadużywać

Ex: Domestic violence is a serious issue where one partner may abuse the other, causing both physical and emotional harm. 
to blackmail
to blackmail
[Czasownik]

to gain money, property, or some advantage by threatening someone

szantażować, wymuszać

szantażować, wymuszać

Ex: She tried to blackmail him for a large sum of money. 
to abduct
to abduct
[Czasownik]

to illegally take someone away, especially by force or deception

uprowadzić, porwać

uprowadzić, porwać

Ex: The criminal attempted to abduct the child from the school playground. 
to swindle
to swindle
[Czasownik]

to use deceit in order to deprive someone of their money or other possessions

oszukiwać, kantować

oszukiwać, kantować

Ex: The con artist swindled unsuspecting investors out of millions of dollars by promising high returns on fake investments. 
to collude
to collude
[Czasownik]

‌to cooperate secretly or illegally for deceiving other people

konspirować, zmawiać się

konspirować, zmawiać się

Ex: The two companies were found to have colluded to inflate prices and eliminate competition in the market. 
to conspire
to conspire
[Czasownik]

to make secret plans with other people to commit an illegal or destructive act

spiskować, konspirować

spiskować, konspirować

Ex: The group of individuals conspired to carry out a heist on the bank. 
to slander
to slander
[Czasownik]

to make false and adverse statements about someone for defamation

oszczędzać, zniesławiać

oszczędzać, zniesławiać

embezzlement
embezzlement
[Rzeczownik]

the act of stealing funds that are placed in one's trust and belong to one's employer

defraudacja, sprzeniewierzenie

defraudacja, sprzeniewierzenie

Ex: The accountant was found guilty of embezzlement after diverting company funds into personal accounts for several years. 
to trespass
to trespass
[Czasownik]

to enter someone's land or building without permission

wtargnąć, wejść bez pozwolenia

wtargnąć, wejść bez pozwolenia

Ex: Despite the warning signs, he chose to trespass onto the private property, ignoring the owner's rights. 
carjacking
carjacking
[Rzeczownik]

the act of violently stealing a car while someone is inside it

kradzież samochodu z użyciem przemocy, carjacking

kradzież samochodu z użyciem przemocy, carjacking

Ex: The city has seen an increase in carjackings over the past year. 
delinquency
delinquency
[Rzeczownik]

a minor crime or misdeed, especially of a young person

przestępczość, przestępczość nieletnich

przestępczość, przestępczość nieletnich

Ex: Juvenile delinquency refers to illegal or antisocial behavior by minors, often leading to intervention by the juvenile justice system. 
felon
felon
[Rzeczownik]

someone who has committed or has been legally found guilty of a serious crime

przestępca, kryminalista

przestępca, kryminalista

Ex: Amanda's conviction for arson resulted in her being labeled a felon and serving a lengthy prison sentence. 
accomplice
accomplice
[Rzeczownik]

someone who helps another to commit a crime or do a wrongdoing

wspólnik, pomocnik

wspólnik, pomocnik

Ex: The gang members were all charged as accomplices in the drug trafficking operation. 
misdemeanor
misdemeanor
[Rzeczownik]

an action that is considered wrong or unacceptable yet not very serious

wykroczenie, przestępstwo

wykroczenie, przestępstwo

Ex: She was charged with a misdemeanor for trespassing on private property. 
felony
felony
[Rzeczownik]

a serious crime such as arson, murder, rape, etc.

zbrodnia, felonia

zbrodnia, felonia

Ex: Tax evasion is a felony offense that can lead to substantial fines and imprisonment if convicted. 
homicide
homicide
[Rzeczownik]

the act of one person killing another, whether lawfully or unlawfully

zabójstwo, homicyd

zabójstwo, homicyd

Ex: The police investigated the homicide that occurred downtown. 
genocide
genocide
[Rzeczownik]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

ludobójstwo, zagłada

ludobójstwo, zagłada

Ex: The United Nations defines genocide as acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. 
heist
heist
[Rzeczownik]

‌an act of violently stealing something valuable, especially from a shop or bank

napad, kradzież

napad, kradzież

Ex: The gang planned a bank heist. 
larceny
larceny
[Rzeczownik]

the act of stealing something from someone, especially without breaking into a building

kradzież, złodziejstwo

kradzież, złodziejstwo

Ex: He was charged with larceny after taking the car. 
perjury
perjury
[Rzeczownik]

the offense of telling lies in a court of law after you have vowed to tell the truth

krzywoprzysięstwo, fałszywe zeznanie

krzywoprzysięstwo, fałszywe zeznanie

Ex: He was charged with perjury during the trial. 
serial killer
serial killer
[Rzeczownik]

someone who commits a series of murders in a similar pattern

seryjny morderca, serial killer

seryjny morderca, serial killer

Ex: The police investigated a notorious serial killer. 
confinement
confinement
[Rzeczownik]

the action of keeping someone in a closed space, prison, etc., usually by force

zamknięcie, uwięzienie

zamknięcie, uwięzienie

Ex: He was sentenced to a year of confinement. 
incrimination
incrimination
[Rzeczownik]

the act of suggesting that someone is guilty, particularly of a crime

inkryminacja, oskarżenie

inkryminacja, oskarżenie

Ex: The evidence led to his incrimination. 
to apprehend
to apprehend
[Czasownik]

to arrest someone

aresztować, zatrzymać

aresztować, zatrzymać

Ex: The security guards were quick to apprehend the trespasser before he could escape. 
to extradite
to extradite
[Czasownik]

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

ekstradować, wydać

ekstradować, wydać

Ex: The fugitive was arrested in one country and extradited to face charges in another for embezzlement. 
to detain
to detain
[Czasownik]

to officially hold someone in a place, such as a jail, and not let them go

zatrzymywać,  przetrzymywać

zatrzymywać, przetrzymywać

Ex: The immigration officers have the authority to detain individuals entering the country illegally. 
incarceration
incarceration
[Rzeczownik]

the act of putting or keeping someone in captivity

uwięzienie, aresztowanie

uwięzienie, aresztowanie

Ex: Many activists are pushing for alternatives to incarceration for non-violent offenders. 
to exile
to exile
[Czasownik]

to force someone to live away from their native country, usually due to political reasons or as a punishment

zesłać, wygnać

zesłać, wygnać

Ex: The political dissident was exiled from the country for speaking out against the government. 
disciplinary
disciplinary
[przymiotnik]

relating to the enforcement of rules or the correction of behavior

dyscyplinarny, korekcyjny

dyscyplinarny, korekcyjny

Ex: The school implemented disciplinary measures to address student misconduct. 
to confiscate
to confiscate
[Czasownik]

to officially take away something from someone, usually as punishment

skonfiskować, zająć

skonfiskować, zająć

Ex: The customs officer may confiscate prohibited items at the border. 
to execute
to execute
[Czasownik]

to kill someone, especially as a legal penalty

stracić, wykonać wyrok śmierci

stracić, wykonać wyrok śmierci

Ex: The condemned criminal was executed by lethal injection after exhausting all appeals. 
to forfeit
to forfeit
[Czasownik]

to no longer be able to access a right, property, privilege, etc. as a result of violating a law or a punishment for doing something wrong

utracić, skonfiskować

utracić, skonfiskować

Ex: Individuals who commit fraud may forfeit their assets as part of legal penalties. 
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