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托福高级词汇 - 罪与罚

在这里,你将学习一些关于犯罪和惩罚的英语单词,如“贿赂”、“虐待”、“诽谤”等,这些是托福考试所需要的。

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to assault
[动词]

to violently attack someone

攻击, 袭击

攻击, 袭击

Ex: Authorities worked to create awareness about the consequences of assaulting healthcare workers during the pandemic .当局努力让人们意识到在疫情期间**袭击**医护人员的后果。
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to bribe
[动词]

to persuade someone to do something, often illegal, by giving them an amount of money or something of value

贿赂, 行贿

贿赂, 行贿

Ex: The whistleblower came forward with information about a scheme to bribe public officials for construction permits .举报人提供了有关为获得建筑许可而**贿赂**公职人员的计划的信息。
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to vandalize
[动词]

to intentionally damage something, particularly public property

破坏, 故意损坏

破坏, 故意损坏

Ex: The police arrested individuals for vandalizing street signs and traffic signals .警方逮捕了因**破坏**街道标志和交通信号灯的个人。
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to launder
[动词]

to make some alterations in order to make something that has been obtained illegally, especially money and currency appear legal or acceptable

洗钱, 合法化

洗钱, 合法化

Ex: By the time the authorities arrived , they had already laundered the money .当局到达时,他们已经**洗**了钱。
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to take something for one's own use, especially illegally or without the owner's permission

挪用, 盗用

挪用, 盗用

Ex: The artist was accused of appropriating cultural symbols without understanding their significance .这位艺术家被指控在不理解其意义的情况下**挪用**文化符号。
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contraband
[名词]

goods or items whose importation, exportation, or possession is prohibited by law

走私品, 违禁品

走私品, 违禁品

Ex: Customs officials conducted an investigation into the flow of contraband through the port .海关官员对通过港口的**走私品**流动进行了调查。
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to smuggle
[动词]

to move goods or people illegally and secretly into or out of a country

走私, 非法且秘密地将货物或人员移入或移出一个国家

走私, 非法且秘密地将货物或人员移入或移出一个国家

Ex: The gang smuggled rare animals across the border .该团伙**走私**珍稀动物越境。
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to abuse
[动词]

to cruelly or violently treat a person or an animal, especially regularly or repeatedly

虐待, 滥用

虐待, 滥用

Ex: Teachers are trained to recognize signs of bullying and intervene when students are abusing their peers .教师经过培训,能够识别欺凌的迹象,并在学生**虐待**同龄人时进行干预。
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to blackmail
[动词]

to demand funds or another benefit from someone in exchange for not damaging their reputation

敲诈, 勒索

敲诈, 勒索

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to abduct
[动词]

to illegally take someone away, especially by force or deception

绑架, 诱拐

绑架, 诱拐

Ex: If the security measures fail , criminals will likely abduct more victims .如果安全措施失败,犯罪分子可能会**绑架**更多的受害者。
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to swindle
[动词]

to use deceit in order to deprive someone of their money or other possessions

诈骗, 欺骗

诈骗, 欺骗

Ex: Do n't fall victim to schemes that promise unrealistic returns but ultimately swindle you out of your hard-earned money .不要成为那些承诺不切实际回报但最终**诈骗**你辛苦赚来的钱的计划的受害者。
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to collude
[动词]

‌to cooperate secretly or illegally for deceiving other people

共谋, 勾结

共谋, 勾结

Ex: The competitors were suspected of colluding to divide up contracts and stifle competition in the industry .竞争对手被怀疑**勾结**以瓜分合同并扼杀行业竞争。
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to conspire
[动词]

to make secret plans with other people to commit an illegal or destructive act

密谋, 共谋

密谋, 共谋

Ex: The political scandal involved high-profile figures conspiring to manipulate public opinion .政治丑闻涉及高层人物**密谋**操纵公众舆论。
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to slander
[动词]

to make false and adverse statements about someone for defamation

诽谤, 中伤

诽谤, 中伤

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embezzlement
[名词]

the act of stealing funds that are placed in one's trust and belong to one's employer

挪用公款, 贪污

挪用公款, 贪污

Ex: Conviction for embezzlement can result in severe penalties , including imprisonment , fines , and restitution to the victims .对**挪用公款**的定罪可能导致严厉的处罚,包括监禁、罚款和对受害者的赔偿。
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to trespass
[动词]

to enter someone's land or building without permission

侵入, 擅自进入

侵入, 擅自进入

Ex: The homeowner pressed charges against the individuals for trespassing on their land without permission.房主对未经许可**侵入**其土地的个人提出了指控。
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carjacking
[名词]

the act of violently stealing a car while someone is inside it

劫车, 抢车

劫车, 抢车

Ex: She was traumatized after a carjacking that occurred while she was stopped at a red light .她在红灯停车时遭遇**劫车**后受到了精神创伤。
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delinquency
[名词]

a minor crime or misdeed, especially of a young person

犯罪, 青少年犯罪

犯罪, 青少年犯罪

Ex: Chronic delinquency in adolescence can sometimes predict continued criminal behavior into adulthood , highlighting the need for effective prevention strategies .青春期的慢性**犯罪**有时可以预测成年后的持续犯罪行为,这凸显了有效预防策略的必要性。
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felon
[名词]

someone who has committed or has been legally found guilty of a serious crime

重罪犯, 罪犯

重罪犯, 罪犯

Ex: The community was concerned about the presence of a known felon in their neighborhood .社区对他们附近有一个已知的**重罪犯**感到担忧。
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accomplice
[名词]

someone who helps another to commit a crime or do a wrongdoing

同谋, 共犯

同谋, 共犯

Ex: The investigators uncovered evidence linking him to the crime , establishing his role as an accomplice.调查人员发现了将他与犯罪联系起来的证据,确立了他作为**同谋**的角色。
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misdemeanor
[名词]

an action that is considered wrong or unacceptable yet not very serious

轻罪, 不法行为

轻罪, 不法行为

Ex: Public intoxication is often classified as a misdemeanor, leading to a night in jail or a minor fine .公共醉酒通常被归类为**轻罪**,导致一晚的监禁或小额罚款。
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felony
[名词]

a serious crime such as arson, murder, rape, etc.

重罪, 重刑罪

重罪, 重刑罪

Ex: His criminal record showed multiple felonies, making it difficult for him to find employment after his release from prison .他的犯罪记录显示有多项**重罪**,这使他在出狱后很难找到工作。
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homicide
[名词]

the crime of murdering another person

杀人, 凶杀

杀人, 凶杀

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genocide
[名词]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

种族灭绝, 大屠杀

种族灭绝, 大屠杀

Ex: Preventing genocide and atrocities is a critical goal of international human rights efforts .防止**种族灭绝**和暴行是国际人权努力的一个关键目标。
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heist
[名词]

‌an act of violently stealing something valuable, especially from a shop or bank

抢劫, 盗窃

抢劫, 盗窃

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larceny
[名词]

the act of stealing something from someone, especially without breaking into a building

盗窃, 偷窃

盗窃, 偷窃

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perjury
[名词]

the offense of telling lies in a court of law after you have vowed to tell the truth

伪证罪, 作伪证

伪证罪, 作伪证

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someone who commits a series of murders in a similar pattern

连环杀手, 系列杀手

连环杀手, 系列杀手

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confinement
[名词]

the action of keeping someone in a closed space, prison, etc., usually by force

监禁, 关押

监禁, 关押

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the act of suggesting that someone is guilty, particularly of a crime

控告, 指控

控告, 指控

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to apprehend
[动词]

to arrest someone

逮捕, 拘捕

逮捕, 拘捕

Ex: Special units are currently apprehending suspects involved in financial fraud .特别部队目前正在**逮捕**涉及金融欺诈的嫌疑人。
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to extradite
[动词]

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

引渡, 移交

引渡, 移交

Ex: The judge ruled that they could not extradite the accused without proper evidence .法官裁定,如果没有适当的证据,他们不能**引渡**被告。
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to detain
[动词]

to officially hold someone in a place, such as a jail, and not let them go

拘留,  扣留

拘留, 扣留

Ex: The store security may detain shoplifters until the arrival of law enforcement .商店保安可以**拘留**扒手,直到执法人员到达。
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the act of putting or keeping someone in captivity

监禁, 关押

监禁, 关押

Ex: Her incarceration gave her time to reflect on the choices she made in life .她的**监禁**让她有时间反思她在生活中做出的选择。
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to exile
[动词]

to force someone to live away from their native country, usually due to political reasons or as a punishment

流放, 放逐

流放, 放逐

Ex: The journalist was exiled for exposing government corruption .这名记者因揭露政府腐败而被**流放**。
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disciplinary
[形容词]

relating to the enforcement of rules or the correction of behavior

纪律的, 纠正的

纪律的, 纠正的

Ex: Effective disciplinary action aims to modify behavior and prevent future infractions .有效的**纪律**行动旨在改变行为并防止未来的违规行为。
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to officially take away something from someone, usually as punishment

没收, 充公

没收, 充公

Ex: By the end of the day , the teacher will have hopefully confiscated any unauthorized items .到一天结束时,老师希望已经**没收**了任何未经授权的物品。
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to execute
[动词]

to kill someone, especially as a legal penalty

处决, 执行死刑

处决, 执行死刑

Ex: International human rights organizations often condemn governments that execute individuals without fair trials or proper legal representation .国际人权组织经常谴责那些在没有公正审判或适当法律代表的情况下**处决**个人的政府。
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to forfeit
[动词]

to no longer be able to access a right, property, privilege, etc. as a result of violating a law or a punishment for doing something wrong

丧失, 没收

丧失, 没收

Ex: Failure to comply with regulations may lead businesses to forfeit their operating permits .不遵守法规可能会导致企业**丧失**其经营许可证。
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托福高级词汇
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