pattern

Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Zločin a Trest

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o zločinu a trestu, jako je "úplatek", "zneužívání", "pomluva" apod., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to assault
to assault
[sloveso]

to violently attack someone

napadnout, přepadnout

napadnout, přepadnout

Ex: The assailant attempted to assault the victim in a dark alley. 
to bribe
to bribe
[sloveso]

to persuade someone to do something, often illegal, by giving them an amount of money or something of value

podplatit, uplácet

podplatit, uplácet

Ex: Businesses were fined for attempting to bribe government officials for favorable contracts. 
to vandalize
to vandalize
[sloveso]

to intentionally damage something, particularly public property

vandalizovat, úmyslně poškodit

vandalizovat, úmyslně poškodit

Ex: The park was closed temporarily for repairs after vandals had vandalized the playground equipment. 
to launder
to launder
[sloveso]

to make some alterations in order to make something that has been obtained illegally, especially money and currency appear legal or acceptable

prát, legalizovat

prát, legalizovat

Ex: They used various offshore accounts to launder the stolen funds. 
to appropriate

to take something for one's own use, especially illegally or without the owner's permission

přivlastnit si, odklonit

přivlastnit si, odklonit

Ex: The employee was fired for appropriating company funds for personal expenses. 
contraband
contraband
[Podstatné jméno]

goods or items whose importation, exportation, or possession is prohibited by law

kontraband, zakázané zboží

kontraband, zakázané zboží

Ex: The customs officers seized a shipment of contraband at the border. 
to smuggle
to smuggle
[sloveso]

to move goods or people illegally and secretly into or out of a country

pašovat, nelegálně a tajně přepravovat zboží nebo osoby do nebo ze země

pašovat, nelegálně a tajně přepravovat zboží nebo osoby do nebo ze země

Ex: Border patrol intercepted a group trying to smuggle undocumented migrants into the country. 
to abuse
to abuse
[sloveso]

to cruelly or violently treat a person or an animal, especially regularly or repeatedly

týrat, zneužívat

týrat, zneužívat

Ex: Domestic violence is a serious issue where one partner may abuse the other, causing both physical and emotional harm. 
to blackmail
to blackmail
[sloveso]

to gain money, property, or some advantage by threatening someone

vydírat, vymáhat peníze

vydírat, vymáhat peníze

Ex: She tried to blackmail him for a large sum of money. 
to abduct
to abduct
[sloveso]

to illegally take someone away, especially by force or deception

unést, odvléct

unést, odvléct

Ex: The criminal attempted to abduct the child from the school playground. 
to swindle
to swindle
[sloveso]

to use deceit in order to deprive someone of their money or other possessions

podvádět, okrást

podvádět, okrást

Ex: The con artist swindled unsuspecting investors out of millions of dollars by promising high returns on fake investments. 
to collude
to collude
[sloveso]

‌to cooperate secretly or illegally for deceiving other people

spolčit se, konspirovat

spolčit se, konspirovat

Ex: The two companies were found to have colluded to inflate prices and eliminate competition in the market. 
to conspire
to conspire
[sloveso]

to make secret plans with other people to commit an illegal or destructive act

konspirovat, spiknout se

konspirovat, spiknout se

Ex: The group of individuals conspired to carry out a heist on the bank. 
to slander
to slander
[sloveso]

to make false and adverse statements about someone for defamation

pomlouvat, hanět

pomlouvat, hanět

embezzlement
embezzlement
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of stealing funds that are placed in one's trust and belong to one's employer

zpronevěra, defraudace

zpronevěra, defraudace

Ex: The accountant was found guilty of embezzlement after diverting company funds into personal accounts for several years. 
to trespass
to trespass
[sloveso]

to enter someone's land or building without permission

vstoupit neoprávněně, proniknout bez povolení

vstoupit neoprávněně, proniknout bez povolení

Ex: Despite the warning signs, he chose to trespass onto the private property, ignoring the owner's rights. 
carjacking
carjacking
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of violently stealing a car while someone is inside it

krádež auta s násilím, carjacking

krádež auta s násilím, carjacking

Ex: The city has seen an increase in carjackings over the past year. 
delinquency
delinquency
[Podstatné jméno]

a minor crime or misdeed, especially of a young person

delikvence, juvenilní delikvence

delikvence, juvenilní delikvence

Ex: Juvenile delinquency refers to illegal or antisocial behavior by minors, often leading to intervention by the juvenile justice system. 
felon
felon
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who has committed or has been legally found guilty of a serious crime

zločinec, trestanec

zločinec, trestanec

Ex: Amanda's conviction for arson resulted in her being labeled a felon and serving a lengthy prison sentence. 
accomplice
accomplice
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who helps another to commit a crime or do a wrongdoing

spolupachatel, komplic

spolupachatel, komplic

Ex: The gang members were all charged as accomplices in the drug trafficking operation. 
misdemeanor
misdemeanor
[Podstatné jméno]

an action that is considered wrong or unacceptable yet not very serious

přečin, přestupek

přečin, přestupek

Ex: She was charged with a misdemeanor for trespassing on private property. 
felony
felony
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious crime such as arson, murder, rape, etc.

trestný čin, felonie

trestný čin, felonie

Ex: Tax evasion is a felony offense that can lead to substantial fines and imprisonment if convicted. 
homicide
homicide
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of one person killing another, whether lawfully or unlawfully

zabíjení, vražda

zabíjení, vražda

Ex: The police investigated the homicide that occurred downtown. 
genocide
genocide
[Podstatné jméno]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

genocida, vyhlazení

genocida, vyhlazení

Ex: The United Nations defines genocide as acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. 
heist
heist
[Podstatné jméno]

‌an act of violently stealing something valuable, especially from a shop or bank

loupež, krádež

loupež, krádež

Ex: The gang planned a bank heist. 
larceny
larceny
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of stealing something from someone, especially without breaking into a building

krádež, zlodějna

krádež, zlodějna

Ex: He was charged with larceny after taking the car. 
perjury
perjury
[Podstatné jméno]

the offense of telling lies in a court of law after you have vowed to tell the truth

křivá výpověď, křivé svědectví

křivá výpověď, křivé svědectví

Ex: He was charged with perjury during the trial. 
serial killer
serial killer
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who commits a series of murders in a similar pattern

sériový vrah, serial killer

sériový vrah, serial killer

Ex: The police investigated a notorious serial killer. 
confinement
confinement
[Podstatné jméno]

the action of keeping someone in a closed space, prison, etc., usually by force

uzavření, věznění

uzavření, věznění

Ex: He was sentenced to a year of confinement. 
incrimination
incrimination
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of suggesting that someone is guilty, particularly of a crime

obvinění, obžaloba

obvinění, obžaloba

Ex: The evidence led to his incrimination. 
to apprehend
to apprehend
[sloveso]

to arrest someone

zatknout, zadržet

zatknout, zadržet

Ex: The security guards were quick to apprehend the trespasser before he could escape. 
to extradite
to extradite
[sloveso]

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

vydat, předat

vydat, předat

Ex: The fugitive was arrested in one country and extradited to face charges in another for embezzlement. 
to detain
to detain
[sloveso]

to officially hold someone in a place, such as a jail, and not let them go

zadržet,  držet

zadržet, držet

Ex: The immigration officers have the authority to detain individuals entering the country illegally. 
incarceration
incarceration
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of putting or keeping someone in captivity

uvěznění, zatčení

uvěznění, zatčení

Ex: Many activists are pushing for alternatives to incarceration for non-violent offenders. 
to exile
to exile
[sloveso]

to force someone to live away from their native country, usually due to political reasons or as a punishment

vyhostit, vyhnat

vyhostit, vyhnat

Ex: The political dissident was exiled from the country for speaking out against the government. 
disciplinary
disciplinary
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the enforcement of rules or the correction of behavior

disciplinární, nápravný

disciplinární, nápravný

Ex: The school implemented disciplinary measures to address student misconduct. 
to confiscate
to confiscate
[sloveso]

to officially take away something from someone, usually as punishment

zabavit, konfiskovat

zabavit, konfiskovat

Ex: The customs officer may confiscate prohibited items at the border. 
to execute
to execute
[sloveso]

to kill someone, especially as a legal penalty

popravit, vykonat trest smrti

popravit, vykonat trest smrti

Ex: The condemned criminal was executed by lethal injection after exhausting all appeals. 
to forfeit
to forfeit
[sloveso]

to no longer be able to access a right, property, privilege, etc. as a result of violating a law or a punishment for doing something wrong

ztratit, zabavit

ztratit, zabavit

Ex: Individuals who commit fraud may forfeit their assets as part of legal penalties. 
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