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Vocabular Avansat pentru TOEFL - Crimă și Pedepsă

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre crimă și pedeapsă, cum ar fi "mită", "abuz", "calomnie", etc., care sunt necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to assault

to violently attack someone

a ataca, a agresa

a ataca, a agresa

Ex: The assailant attempted to assault the victim in a dark alley. 
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to bribe
to bribe
[verb]

to persuade someone to do something, often illegal, by giving them an amount of money or something of value

mitui, corupe

mitui, corupe

Ex: Businesses were fined for attempting to bribe government officials for favorable contracts. 
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to vandalize

to intentionally damage something, particularly public property

vandaliza, deteriora intenționat

vandaliza, deteriora intenționat

Ex: The park was closed temporarily for repairs after vandals had vandalized the playground equipment. 
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to launder

to make some alterations in order to make something that has been obtained illegally, especially money and currency appear legal or acceptable

spăla, legaliza

spăla, legaliza

Ex: They used various offshore accounts to launder the stolen funds. 
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to appropriate

to take something for one's own use, especially illegally or without the owner's permission

a se însuși, a devia

a se însuși, a devia

Ex: The employee was fired for appropriating company funds for personal expenses. 
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contraband
contraband
[substantiv]

goods or items whose importation, exportation, or possession is prohibited by law

contrabandă, mărfuri interzise

contrabandă, mărfuri interzise

Ex: The customs officers seized a shipment of contraband at the border. 
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to smuggle

to move goods or people illegally and secretly into or out of a country

a face contrabandă, a muta bunuri sau persoane ilegal și secret în sau din țară

a face contrabandă, a muta bunuri sau persoane ilegal și secret în sau din țară

Ex: Border patrol intercepted a group trying to smuggle undocumented migrants into the country. 
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to abuse
to abuse
[verb]

to cruelly or violently treat a person or an animal, especially regularly or repeatedly

maltrata, abuz

maltrata, abuz

Ex: Domestic violence is a serious issue where one partner may abuse the other, causing both physical and emotional harm. 
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to blackmail

to gain money, property, or some advantage by threatening someone

a șantaja, a stoarce bani

a șantaja, a stoarce bani

Ex: She tried to blackmail him for a large sum of money. 
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to abduct
to abduct
[verb]

to illegally take someone away, especially by force or deception

răpi, abduce

răpi, abduce

Ex: The criminal attempted to abduct the child from the school playground. 
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to swindle

to use deceit in order to deprive someone of their money or other possessions

înșela, frauda

înșela, frauda

Ex: The con artist swindled unsuspecting investors out of millions of dollars by promising high returns on fake investments. 
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to collude

‌to cooperate secretly or illegally for deceiving other people

a conspira, a complota

a conspira, a complota

Ex: The two companies were found to have colluded to inflate prices and eliminate competition in the market. 
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to conspire

to make secret plans with other people to commit an illegal or destructive act

a conspira, a complota

a conspira, a complota

Ex: The group of individuals conspired to carry out a heist on the bank. 
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to slander

to make false and adverse statements about someone for defamation

calomnia, defăima

calomnia, defăima

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embezzlement
embezzlement
[substantiv]

the act of stealing funds that are placed in one's trust and belong to one's employer

deturnare de fonduri, malversație

deturnare de fonduri, malversație

Ex: The accountant was found guilty of embezzlement after diverting company funds into personal accounts for several years. 
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to trespass

to enter someone's land or building without permission

a intra fără permisiune, a încălca proprietatea privată

a intra fără permisiune, a încălca proprietatea privată

Ex: Despite the warning signs, he chose to trespass onto the private property, ignoring the owner's rights. 
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carjacking
carjacking
[substantiv]

the act of violently stealing a car while someone is inside it

furt de mașină cu violență, carjacking

furt de mașină cu violență, carjacking

Ex: The city has seen an increase in carjackings over the past year. 
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delinquency
delinquency
[substantiv]

a minor crime or misdeed, especially of a young person

delincvență, delincvență juvenilă

delincvență, delincvență juvenilă

Ex: Juvenile delinquency refers to illegal or antisocial behavior by minors, often leading to intervention by the juvenile justice system. 
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felon
felon
[substantiv]

someone who has committed or has been legally found guilty of a serious crime

criminal, delincvent

criminal, delincvent

Ex: Amanda's conviction for arson resulted in her being labeled a felon and serving a lengthy prison sentence. 
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accomplice
accomplice
[substantiv]

someone who helps another to commit a crime or do a wrongdoing

complice, coautor

complice, coautor

Ex: The gang members were all charged as accomplices in the drug trafficking operation. 
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misdemeanor
misdemeanor
[substantiv]

an action that is considered wrong or unacceptable yet not very serious

delict, contravenție

delict, contravenție

Ex: She was charged with a misdemeanor for trespassing on private property. 
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felony
felony
[substantiv]

a serious crime such as arson, murder, rape, etc.

crimă, felonie

crimă, felonie

Ex: Tax evasion is a felony offense that can lead to substantial fines and imprisonment if convicted. 
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homicide
homicide
[substantiv]

the act of one person killing another, whether lawfully or unlawfully

omucidere, crimă

omucidere, crimă

Ex: The police investigated the homicide that occurred downtown. 
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genocide
genocide
[substantiv]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

genocid, exterminare

genocid, exterminare

Ex: The United Nations defines genocide as acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. 
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heist
heist
[substantiv]

‌an act of violently stealing something valuable, especially from a shop or bank

jaf, furt

jaf, furt

Ex: The gang planned a bank heist. 
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larceny
larceny
[substantiv]

the act of stealing something from someone, especially without breaking into a building

furt, hoție

furt, hoție

Ex: He was charged with larceny after taking the car. 
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perjury
perjury
[substantiv]

the offense of telling lies in a court of law after you have vowed to tell the truth

sperjur, mărturie mincinoasă

sperjur, mărturie mincinoasă

Ex: He was charged with perjury during the trial. 
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serial killer
serial killer
[substantiv]

someone who commits a series of murders in a similar pattern

criminal în serie, serial killer

criminal în serie, serial killer

Ex: The police investigated a notorious serial killer. 
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confinement
confinement
[substantiv]

the action of keeping someone in a closed space, prison, etc., usually by force

confinare, închisoare

confinare, închisoare

Ex: He was sentenced to a year of confinement. 
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incrimination
incrimination
[substantiv]

the act of suggesting that someone is guilty, particularly of a crime

incriminare, acuzare

incriminare, acuzare

Ex: The evidence led to his incrimination. 
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to apprehend

to arrest someone

aresta, reține

aresta, reține

Ex: The security guards were quick to apprehend the trespasser before he could escape. 
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to extradite

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

extrada, preda

extrada, preda

Ex: The fugitive was arrested in one country and extradited to face charges in another for embezzlement. 
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to detain
to detain
[verb]

to officially hold someone in a place, such as a jail, and not let them go

a reține,  a deține

a reține, a deține

Ex: The immigration officers have the authority to detain individuals entering the country illegally. 
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incarceration
incarceration
[substantiv]

the act of putting or keeping someone in captivity

încarcerare, arest

încarcerare, arest

Ex: Many activists are pushing for alternatives to incarceration for non-violent offenders. 
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to exile
to exile
[verb]

to force someone to live away from their native country, usually due to political reasons or as a punishment

exila, alunga

exila, alunga

Ex: The political dissident was exiled from the country for speaking out against the government. 
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disciplinary
disciplinary
[adjectiv]

relating to the enforcement of rules or the correction of behavior

disciplinar, corectiv

disciplinar, corectiv

Ex: The school implemented disciplinary measures to address student misconduct. 
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to confiscate

to officially take away something from someone, usually as punishment

confisca, sechestra

confisca, sechestra

Ex: The customs officer may confiscate prohibited items at the border. 
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to execute

to kill someone, especially as a legal penalty

executa, a face să execute o sentință de moarte

executa, a face să execute o sentință de moarte

Ex: The condemned criminal was executed by lethal injection after exhausting all appeals. 
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to forfeit

to no longer be able to access a right, property, privilege, etc. as a result of violating a law or a punishment for doing something wrong

pierde, confisca

pierde, confisca

Ex: Individuals who commit fraud may forfeit their assets as part of legal penalties. 
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