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Vocabulário para IELTS (Acadêmico) - Sociedade

Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês sobre a sociedade, como "cidadão", "posto", "par", etc., que são necessárias para o exame IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
citizen
citizen
[substantivo]

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

cidadão, nacional

cidadão, nacional

Ex: The government introduced new policies to protect the rights of its citizens. 
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class
class
[substantivo]

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

classe, estrato social

classe, estrato social

Ex: Wealth and education often influence a person's class. 
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diversity
diversity
[substantivo]

the practice of including people from a range of social, cultural, ethnic, and other backgrounds in a group or organization

diversidade, pluralidade

diversidade, pluralidade

Ex: The organization reviews its recruitment policies to encourage greater diversity. 
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ethnic
ethnic
[adjetivo]

relating to a group of people who share a common culture, history, language, traditions, or ancestry

Ex: The survey asked participants about their ethnic background. 
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middle class
middle class
[substantivo]

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

classe média, burguesia

classe média, burguesia

Ex: Middle-class children usually have access to schooling and healthcare. 

As crianças da classe média geralmente têm acesso à educação e aos cuidados de saúde.

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minority
minority
[substantivo]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minoria

minoria

Ex: The report highlighted the struggles of the minority in accessing resources. 
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monarch
monarch
[substantivo]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

monarca, soberano

monarca, soberano

Ex: She studied the history of the monarchs who ruled during the medieval period for her research project. 

Ela estudou a história dos monarcas que governaram durante o período medieval para o seu projeto de pesquisa.

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racism
racism
[substantivo]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

racismo, discriminação racial

racismo, discriminação racial

Ex: His promotion was delayed due to racism in the workplace. 

Sua promoção foi atrasada devido ao racismo no local de trabalho.

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rank
rank
[substantivo]

a person's position within a social hierarchy or class

posição, status

posição, status

Ex: People of lower rank often had fewer opportunities. 
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sociology
sociology
[substantivo]

the study of human society, social relationships, institutions, and patterns of social behavior

sociologia

sociologia

Ex: Her research focuses on the sociology of education. 
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lower class
lower class
[substantivo]

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

classe baixa, classe inferior

classe baixa, classe inferior

Ex: Health services are often less available to the lower class. 

Os serviços de saúde são frequentemente menos disponíveis para a classe baixa.

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anthropology
anthropology
[substantivo]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

antropologia

antropologia

Ex: Biological anthropology explores human evolution, genetics, and physical adaptations through the study of fossils, primates, and modern human populations. 

A antropologia biológica explora a evolução humana, a genética e as adaptações físicas através do estudo de fósseis, primatas e populações humanas modernas.

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citizenship
citizenship
[substantivo]

the legal status of being a member of a certain country

nacionalidade, cidadania

nacionalidade, cidadania

Ex: Dual citizenship allows individuals to hold legal status and enjoy rights in more than one country simultaneously, offering greater flexibility and opportunities. 

A dupla cidadania permite que os indivíduos tenham status legal e desfrutem de direitos em mais de um país simultaneamente, oferecendo maior flexibilidade e oportunidades.

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civic
civic
[adjetivo]

officially relating to or connected with a city or town

cívico, municipal

cívico, municipal

Ex: She volunteers for various civic projects. 
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demographic
demographic
[substantivo]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demográfico, características demográficas

demográfico, características demográficas

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a specific demographic. 

As empresas frequentemente adaptam seus produtos para atrair um demográfico específico.

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peer
peer
[substantivo]

a person who is the same age, has the same social status, or has similar abilities or qualifications as another person

par, colega

par, colega

Ex: Teenagers may feel pressure to behave like their peers. 
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senior citizen
senior citizen
[substantivo]

an old person, especially someone who is retired

idoso, aposentado

idoso, aposentado

Ex: The new policy aims to improve healthcare access for senior citizens across the country. 

A nova política visa melhorar o acesso aos cuidados de saúde para os idosos em todo o país.

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inferior
inferior
[adjetivo]

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

inferior, subalterno

inferior, subalterno

Ex: The team's performance was deemed inferior to the competing teams in the tournament. 

O desempenho da equipe foi considerado inferior ao das equipes concorrentes no torneio.

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superior
superior
[adjetivo]

higher in rank, status, importance, or authority

superior,  hierarquicamente superior

superior, hierarquicamente superior

Ex: Daniel was promoted to a superior level of management. 
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generation
generation
[substantivo]

people born and living at approximately the same period of time

geração, geração

geração, geração

Ex: Each generation faces unique challenges and opportunities shaped by the events of their time. 
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race
race
[substantivo]

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

raça, grupo étnico

raça, grupo étnico

Ex: People of different races may share the same nationality. 
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upper class
upper class
[substantivo]

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

classe alta, alta sociedade

classe alta, alta sociedade

Ex: The lifestyle of the upper class is different from other social groups. 

O estilo de vida da classe alta é diferente de outros grupos sociais.

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working class
working class
[substantivo]

the social and economic class consisting mainly of people who earn wages, especially through manual, industrial, or service work

classe operária, classe trabalhadora

classe operária, classe trabalhadora

Ex: Her research examines how the working class has changed over several generations. 
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bigot
bigot
[substantivo]

a person who holds strong opinions about race, religion or politics and is intolerable of differing views

fanático, intolerante

fanático, intolerante

Ex: Efforts to promote inclusivity were often met with resistance from the bigot in the organization. 

Esforços para promover a inclusividade foram frequentemente recebidos com resistência pelo intolerante na organização.

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elite
elite
[substantivo]

a small group considered the most powerful, successful, skilled, or privileged within a society or organization

elite,  classe dirigente

elite, classe dirigente

Ex: Critics accused the ruling elite of ignoring ordinary citizens. 
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feminism
feminism
[substantivo]

the movement that supports equal rights and opportunities for women and men

feminismo, movimento feminista

feminismo, movimento feminista

Ex: Modern feminism addresses social, political, and economic inequalities. 

O feminismo moderno aborda as desigualdades sociais, políticas e econômicas.

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human right
human right
[substantivo]

one of a series of rights that every human being must have

direito humano

direito humano

Ex: Torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment are prohibited under international human rights law, emphasizing the right to be free from such abuse. 

A tortura e os tratamentos ou punições cruéis, desumanos ou degradantes são proibidos pelo direito internacional dos direitos humanos, enfatizando o direito de estar livre de tal abuso.

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majority
majority
[substantivo]

the larger part or number of a given set or group

maioria, a maior parte

maioria, a maior parte

Ex: The majority of the class agreed on extending the deadline for the assignment. 
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