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雅思词汇(学术) - 社会

在这里,你将学习一些关于社会的英语单词,如“公民”、“等级”、“同行”等,这些都是雅思考试所需要的。

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Words for Academic IELTS
citizen
citizen
[名词]

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

公民, 国民

公民, 国民

Ex: The law applies to all citizens, regardless of their background. 
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class
class
[名词]

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

阶级, 社会阶层

阶级, 社会阶层

Ex: He was born into an upper class family. 
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diversity
diversity
[名词]

the practice of including people from a range of social, cultural, ethnic, and other backgrounds in a group or organization

多样性, 多元化

多样性, 多元化

Ex: Maria leads several workplace diversity initiatives. 
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ethnic
ethnic
[形容词]

relating to a group of people who share a common culture, history, language, traditions, or ancestry

种族的,  民族的

种族的, 民族的

Ex: Emma is studying the region's ethnic diversity. 
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middle class
middle class
[名词]

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

中产阶级, 资产阶级

中产阶级, 资产阶级

Ex: Middle-class workers often have stable jobs and education. 

中产阶级的工人通常拥有稳定的工作和教育。

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minority
minority
[名词]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

少数群体

少数群体

Ex: He is researching the history of minority communities in the area. 
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monarch
monarch
[名词]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

君主, 帝王

君主, 帝王

Ex: The monarch’s coronation was a grand ceremony attended by dignitaries from around the world. 

君主的加冕典礼是一场盛大的仪式,世界各地的政要都出席了。

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racism
racism
[名词]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

种族主义, 种族歧视

种族主义, 种族歧视

Ex: The teacher was accused of racism for treating students unfairly. 

老师因不公平对待学生而被指控 种族主义。

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rank
rank
[名词]

a person's position within a social hierarchy or class

等级, 地位

等级, 地位

Ex: Rank influenced who could sit in certain sections of the theater. 
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sociology
sociology
[名词]

the study of human society, social relationships, institutions, and patterns of social behavior

社会学

社会学

Ex: Sociology examines how families, institutions, and communities function. 
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lower class
lower class
[名词]

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

下层阶级, 低阶层

下层阶级, 低阶层

Ex: The government introduced programs to help the lower class. 

政府推出了帮助下层阶级的计划。

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anthropology
anthropology
[名词]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

人类学

人类学

Ex: Modern anthropology often combines traditional research with new technologies like DNA analysis to trace human migrations. 

现代人类学经常将传统研究与DNA分析等新技术结合起来,以追踪人类迁徙。

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citizenship
citizenship
[名词]

the legal status of being a member of a certain country

国籍, 公民身份

国籍, 公民身份

Ex: Obtaining citizenship often involves fulfilling specific criteria such as residency, language proficiency, and knowledge of the country's laws. 

获得公民身份通常需要满足特定标准,如居住、语言能力和对国家法律的了解。

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civic
civic
[形容词]

officially relating to or connected with a city or town

公民的, 市政的

公民的, 市政的

Ex: She volunteered for various civic organizations dedicated to community development. 
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demographic
demographic
[名词]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

人口统计的, 人口统计特征

人口统计的, 人口统计特征

Ex: Researchers are studying the spending habits of this particular demographic. 

研究人员正在研究这一特定人口统计的消费习惯。

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peer
peer
[名词]

a person who is the same age, has the same social status, or has similar abilities or qualifications as another person

同龄人, 同行

同龄人, 同行

Ex: Children are often strongly influenced by their peers. 
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senior citizen

an old person, especially someone who is retired

老年人, 退休人员

老年人, 退休人员

Ex: The community center offers a variety of activities specifically for senior citizens. 

社区中心专门为老年人提供各种活动。

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inferior
inferior
[形容词]

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

低等的, 下级的

低等的, 下级的

Ex: The design of the older model was considered inferior to the newer, more advanced version. 

旧型号的设计被认为不如更新、更先进的版本。

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superior
superior
[形容词]

higher in rank, status, importance, or authority

上级的,  高级的

上级的, 高级的

Ex: Only employees with superior rank may approve the request. 
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generation
generation
[名词]

people born and living at approximately the same period of time

一代, 一代

一代, 一代

Ex: Cultural changes often occur as one generation passes on traditions and values to the next. 
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race
race
[名词]

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

种族, 族群

种族, 族群

Ex: Race is a socially constructed concept used to categorize people into different groups based on physical characteristics such as skin color. 
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upper class
upper class
[名词]

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

上层阶级, 上流社会

上层阶级, 上流社会

Ex: Members of the upper class attended exclusive schools. 

上层阶级的成员就读于专属学校。

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working class

the social and economic class consisting mainly of people who earn wages, especially through manual, industrial, or service work

工人阶级, 劳动阶级

工人阶级, 劳动阶级

Ex: Many members of the working class struggled with rising housing costs. 
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bigot
bigot
[名词]

a person who holds strong opinions about race, religion or politics and is intolerable of differing views

偏执者, 不容异己的人

偏执者, 不容异己的人

Ex: It's disheartening to see a bigot spreading hatred and division in the community. 

看到一个偏执狂在社区中散布仇恨和分裂,令人沮丧。

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elite
elite
[名词]

a small group considered the most powerful, successful, skilled, or privileged within a society or organization

精英,  上层集团

精英, 上层集团

Ex: Only a small economic elite could afford homes in the district. 
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feminism
feminism
[名词]

the movement that supports equal rights and opportunities for women and men

女权主义, 女权主义运动

女权主义, 女权主义运动

Ex: Feminism supports equal pay for women and men. 

女权主义支持男女同工同酬。

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human right
human right
[名词]

one of a series of rights that every human being must have

人权

人权

Ex: Freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental human right that allows individuals to voice their opinions without fear of censorship or retaliation. 

言论和表达自由是一项基本的人权,允许个人在不受审查或报复恐惧的情况下表达自己的意见。

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majority
majority
[名词]

the larger part or number of a given set or group

多数, 大部分

多数, 大部分

Ex: A majority of residents expressed concerns about the proposed construction project. 
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