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Slovní Zásoba pro IELTS (Akademická) - Society

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o společnosti, jako jsou "občan", "hodnost", "vrstevník" apod., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
citizen
citizen
[Podstatné jméno]

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

občan, státní příslušník

občan, státní příslušník

Ex: Every citizen has the right to vote in democratic elections. 
class
class
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

třída, sociální vrstva

třída, sociální vrstva

Ex: Many workers belong to the middle class. 
diversity
diversity
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of involving many people from different cultures, social backgrounds, sexual orientations, etc.

rozmanitost

rozmanitost

Ex: The nonprofit organization promotes diversity by engaging volunteers from diverse backgrounds and experiences. 
ethnic
ethnic
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to a group of people with shared culture, tradition, history, language, etc.

etnický

etnický

Ex: The neighborhood celebrates its diverse ethnic heritage with cultural festivals and events. 
middle class
middle class
[Podstatné jméno]

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

střední třída, buržoazie

střední třída, buržoazie

Ex: Many middle-class families own their homes. 
minority
minority
[Podstatné jméno]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

menšina

menšina

Ex: The festival celebrated the traditions of local minority populations. 
monarch
monarch
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

panovník, monarcha

panovník, monarcha

Ex: The monarch’s coronation was a grand ceremony attended by dignitaries from around the world. 
racism
racism
[Podstatné jméno]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

rasismus, rasová diskriminace

rasismus, rasová diskriminace

Ex: She experienced racism at her new job. 
rank
rank
[Podstatné jméno]

a person's position within a social hierarchy or class

hodnost, postavení

hodnost, postavení

Ex: Nobility held the highest rank in medieval society. 
sociology
sociology
[Podstatné jméno]

the scientific study of human society, its nature, structure, and development, as well as social behavior

sociologie, vědecké studium lidské společnosti

sociologie, vědecké studium lidské společnosti

Ex: She decided to study sociology because she was interested in how culture influences people's behaviors. 
lower class
lower class
[Podstatné jméno]

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

nižší třída, dolní třída

nižší třída, dolní třída

Ex: Many families in the lower class face financial difficulties. 
anthropology
anthropology
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

antropologie

antropologie

Ex: Sarah decided to major in anthropology to study the diverse cultures and societies around the world. 
citizenship
citizenship
[Podstatné jméno]

the legal status of being a member of a certain country

občanství, státní příslušnost

občanství, státní příslušnost

Ex: Citizenship is the legal status that grants individuals certain rights and responsibilities within a country. 
civic
civic
[Přídavné jméno]

officially relating to or connected with a city or town

občanský, městský

občanský, městský

Ex: Civic leaders met to discuss plans for improving public infrastructure in the city. 
demographic
demographic
[Podstatné jméno]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografický, demografické charakteristiky

demografický, demografické charakteristiky

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
peer
peer
[Podstatné jméno]

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

vrstevník, rovnocenný

vrstevník, rovnocenný

Ex: In high school, he struggled to find peers who shared his passion for classical literature. 
senior citizen
senior citizen
[Podstatné jméno]

an old person, especially someone who is retired

senior, důchodce

senior, důchodce

Ex: As a senior citizen, he enjoys the discounts offered at local stores and restaurants. 
inferior
inferior
[Přídavné jméno]

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

nižší, podřízený

nižší, podřízený

Ex: He felt that his position in the company was inferior to that of his more experienced colleagues. 
superior
superior
[Přídavné jméno]

higher in status or rank in comparison with someone or something else

vyšší, nadřazený

vyšší, nadřazený

Ex: As the CEO, she held a superior position in the company hierarchy, overseeing all operations and making strategic decisions. 
generation
generation
[Podstatné jméno]

people born and living at approximately the same period of time

generace, generace

generace, generace

Ex: The older generation often reminisces about life before smartphones became ubiquitous. 
race
race
[Podstatné jméno]

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

rasa, etnická skupina

rasa, etnická skupina

Ex: While race can be a source of identity and pride for some, it has also been a source of division and oppression throughout history. 
upper class
upper class
[Podstatné jméno]

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

vyšší třída, vyšší společnost

vyšší třída, vyšší společnost

Ex: The upper class often owns large estates and businesses. 
working class
working class
[Podstatné jméno]

a social class that consists of people with low incomes who do manual or industrial work

dělnická třída, proletariát

dělnická třída, proletariát

Ex: The working class fought for better wages. 
bigot
bigot
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who holds strong opinions about race, religion or politics and is intolerable of differing views

fanatik, nesnášenlivý

fanatik, nesnášenlivý

Ex: The politician's speeches revealed him to be a bigot who refused to consider any perspectives other than his own. 
elite
elite
[Podstatné jméno]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

elita

elita

Ex: The elite gathered at the exclusive club for their annual meeting. 
feminism
feminism
[Podstatné jméno]

the movement that supports equal rights and opportunities for women and men

feminismus, feministické hnutí

feminismus, feministické hnutí

Ex: She learned about feminism in school. 
human right
human right
[Podstatné jméno]

one of a series of rights that every human being must have

lidské právo

lidské právo

Ex: Freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental human right that allows individuals to voice their opinions without fear of censorship or retaliation. 
majority
majority
[Podstatné jméno]

the larger part or number of a given set or group

většina, větší část

většina, větší část

Ex: The majority of the committee members voted in favor of the new policy. 
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