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IELTS のための語彙 (アカデミック) - 社会

ここでは、IELTS試験に必要な「市民」、「階級」、「同僚」などの社会に関するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Words for Academic IELTS
citizen
citizen
[名詞]

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

市民, 国民

市民, 国民

Ex: He is a proud citizen of Canada and loves its multicultural society. 
class
class
[名詞]

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

階級, 社会階層

階級, 社会階層

Ex: The book explores the struggles of the working class. 
diversity
diversity
[名詞]

the practice of including people from a range of social, cultural, ethnic, and other backgrounds in a group or organization

多様性, ダイバーシティ

多様性, ダイバーシティ

Ex: The company has made diversity a priority in its hiring practices. 
ethnic
ethnic
[形容詞]

relating to a group of people who share a common culture, history, language, traditions, or ancestry

民族の,  エスニックな

民族の, エスニックな

Ex: The city is home to many different ethnic groups. 
middle class
middle class
[名詞]

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

中産階級, ブルジョアジー

中産階級, ブルジョアジー

Ex: Many middle-class families own their homes. 

多くの中流階級の家族は自分の家を所有しています。

minority
minority
[名詞]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

少数派

少数派

Ex: She advocates for the rights of minority groups. 
monarch
monarch
[名詞]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

君主, 王

君主, 王

Ex: He collected coins and stamps featuring images of various historical monarchs. 

彼はさまざまな歴史的な君主の画像が特徴のコインや切手を収集しました。

racism
racism
[名詞]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

人種差別, 人種的差別

人種差別, 人種的差別

Ex: She was shocked by the racism she faced at the store. 

彼女は店で直面した人種差別にショックを受けました。

rank
rank
[名詞]

a person's position within a social hierarchy or class

階級, 地位

階級, 地位

Ex: Her family's rank allowed them entry into exclusive clubs. 
sociology
sociology
[名詞]

the study of human society, social relationships, institutions, and patterns of social behavior

社会学

社会学

Ex: She studied sociology at university. 
lower class
lower class
[名詞]

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

下層階級, 低い階級

下層階級, 低い階級

Ex: Many families in the lower class face financial difficulties. 

下層階級の多くの家族は経済的困難に直面しています。

anthropology
anthropology
[名詞]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

人類学

人類学

Ex: Sarah decided to major in anthropology to study the diverse cultures and societies around the world. 

サラは世界中の多様な文化と社会を研究するために人類学を専攻することに決めました。

citizenship
citizenship
[名詞]

the legal status of being a member of a certain country

国籍, 市民権

国籍, 市民権

Ex: Citizenship is the legal status that grants individuals certain rights and responsibilities within a country. 

市民権は、個人に国内で特定の権利と責任を付与する法的地位です。

civic
civic
[形容詞]

officially relating to or connected with a city or town

市民の, 都市の

市民の, 都市の

Ex: Civic leaders met to discuss plans for improving public infrastructure in the city. 

市民のリーダーたちが、都市の公共インフラを改善する計画について話し合うために会合を持った。

demographic
demographic
[名詞]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

人口統計学的, 人口統計学的特徴

人口統計学的, 人口統計学的特徴

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 

新しいマーケティング戦略は、より若い人口統計学的グループをターゲットにしています。

peer
peer
[名詞]

a person who is the same age, has the same social status, or has similar abilities or qualifications as another person

同輩, 同僚

同輩, 同僚

Ex: Emma is highly respected by her professional peers. 
senior citizen

an old person, especially someone who is retired

高齢者, 退職者

高齢者, 退職者

Ex: As a senior citizen, he enjoys the discounts offered at local stores and restaurants. 

高齢者として、彼は地元の店やレストランで提供される割引を楽しんでいます。

inferior
inferior
[形容詞]

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

劣っている, 下位の

劣っている, 下位の

Ex: He felt that his position in the company was inferior to that of his more experienced colleagues. 

彼は、会社での自分の立場が、より経験豊富な同僚たちよりも劣っていると感じた。

superior
superior
[形容詞]

higher in rank, status, importance, or authority

上級の,  上司の

上級の, 上司の

Ex: The officer reported the incident to a superior commander. 
generation
generation
[名詞]

people born and living at approximately the same period of time

世代, 世代

世代, 世代

Ex: The study compared the spending habits of different generations, from Baby Boomers to Generation Z. 
race
race
[名詞]

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

人種, 民族グループ

人種, 民族グループ

Ex: While race can be a source of identity and pride for some, it has also been a source of division and oppression throughout history. 
upper class
upper class
[名詞]

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

上流階級, 上流社会

上流階級, 上流社会

Ex: The upper class often owns large estates and businesses. 

上流階級はしばしば大規模な不動産や事業を所有しています。

working class

the social and economic class consisting mainly of people who earn wages, especially through manual, industrial, or service work

労働者階級, 勤労階級

労働者階級, 勤労階級

Ex: The working class was hit especially hard by the factory closures. 
bigot
bigot
[名詞]

a person who holds strong opinions about race, religion or politics and is intolerable of differing views

偏屈者, 不寛容な人

偏屈者, 不寛容な人

Ex: The politician's speeches revealed him to be a bigot who refused to consider any perspectives other than his own. 

その政治家のスピーチは、自分以外の視点を一切考慮しない偏屈者であることを明らかにした。

elite
elite
[名詞]

a small group considered the most powerful, successful, skilled, or privileged within a society or organization

エリート,  精鋭

エリート, 精鋭

Ex: The country's political elite gathered for the annual conference. 
feminism
feminism
[名詞]

the movement that supports equal rights and opportunities for women and men

フェミニズム, フェミニスト運動

フェミニズム, フェミニスト運動

Ex: She learned about feminism in school. 

彼女は学校でフェミニズムについて学びました。

human right
human right
[名詞]

one of a series of rights that every human being must have

人権

人権

Ex: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948, outlines basic human rights such as the right to life, liberty, and security of person. 

1948年に国際連合によって採択された世界人権宣言は、生命、自由、および個人の安全に対する権利などの基本的な人権を概説しています。

majority
majority
[名詞]

the larger part or number of a given set or group

多数, 大部分

多数, 大部分

Ex: Winning the majority of seats in parliament gave the party a strong mandate. 
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