pattern

Słownictwo do IELTS (Akademickie) - Society

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów o społeczeństwie, takich jak "obywatel", "ranga", "równy" itp., które są potrzebne do egzaminu IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
citizen
citizen
[Rzeczownik]

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

obywatel, narodowy

obywatel, narodowy

Ex: Every citizen has the right to vote in democratic elections. 
class
class
[Rzeczownik]

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

klasa, warstwa społeczna

klasa, warstwa społeczna

Ex: Many workers belong to the middle class. 
diversity
diversity
[Rzeczownik]

the practice of involving many people from different cultures, social backgrounds, sexual orientations, etc.

różnorodność

różnorodność

Ex: The nonprofit organization promotes diversity by engaging volunteers from diverse backgrounds and experiences. 
ethnic
ethnic
[przymiotnik]

relating to a group of people with shared culture, tradition, history, language, etc.

etniczny

etniczny

Ex: The neighborhood celebrates its diverse ethnic heritage with cultural festivals and events. 
middle class
middle class
[Rzeczownik]

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

klasa średnia, burżuazja

klasa średnia, burżuazja

Ex: Many middle-class families own their homes. 
minority
minority
[Rzeczownik]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

mniejszość

mniejszość

Ex: The festival celebrated the traditions of local minority populations. 
monarch
monarch
[Rzeczownik]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

monarcha, władca

monarcha, władca

Ex: The monarch’s coronation was a grand ceremony attended by dignitaries from around the world. 
racism
racism
[Rzeczownik]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

rasizm, dyskryminacja rasowa

rasizm, dyskryminacja rasowa

Ex: She experienced racism at her new job. 
rank
rank
[Rzeczownik]

a person's position within a social hierarchy or class

ranga, status

ranga, status

Ex: Nobility held the highest rank in medieval society. 
sociology
sociology
[Rzeczownik]

the scientific study of human society, its nature, structure, and development, as well as social behavior

socjologia, naukowe badanie społeczeństwa ludzkiego

socjologia, naukowe badanie społeczeństwa ludzkiego

Ex: She decided to study sociology because she was interested in how culture influences people's behaviors. 
lower class
lower class
[Rzeczownik]

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

klasa niższa, niższa klasa

klasa niższa, niższa klasa

Ex: Many families in the lower class face financial difficulties. 
anthropology
anthropology
[Rzeczownik]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

antropologia

antropologia

Ex: Sarah decided to major in anthropology to study the diverse cultures and societies around the world. 
citizenship
citizenship
[Rzeczownik]

the legal status of being a member of a certain country

obywatelstwo, narodowość

obywatelstwo, narodowość

Ex: Citizenship is the legal status that grants individuals certain rights and responsibilities within a country. 
civic
civic
[przymiotnik]

officially relating to or connected with a city or town

obywatelski, miejski

obywatelski, miejski

Ex: Civic leaders met to discuss plans for improving public infrastructure in the city. 
demographic
demographic
[Rzeczownik]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demograficzny, cechy demograficzne

demograficzny, cechy demograficzne

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
peer
peer
[Rzeczownik]

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

rówieśnik, równy

rówieśnik, równy

Ex: In high school, he struggled to find peers who shared his passion for classical literature. 
senior citizen
senior citizen
[Rzeczownik]

an old person, especially someone who is retired

senior, emeryt

senior, emeryt

Ex: As a senior citizen, he enjoys the discounts offered at local stores and restaurants. 
inferior
inferior
[przymiotnik]

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

niższy, podrzędny

niższy, podrzędny

Ex: He felt that his position in the company was inferior to that of his more experienced colleagues. 
superior
superior
[przymiotnik]

higher in status or rank in comparison with someone or something else

wyższy, lepszy

wyższy, lepszy

Ex: As the CEO, she held a superior position in the company hierarchy, overseeing all operations and making strategic decisions. 
generation
generation
[Rzeczownik]

people born and living at approximately the same period of time

pokolenie, pokolenie

pokolenie, pokolenie

Ex: The older generation often reminisces about life before smartphones became ubiquitous. 
race
race
[Rzeczownik]

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

rasa, grupa etniczna

rasa, grupa etniczna

Ex: While race can be a source of identity and pride for some, it has also been a source of division and oppression throughout history. 
upper class
upper class
[Rzeczownik]

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

klasa wyższa, wyższe sfery

klasa wyższa, wyższe sfery

Ex: The upper class often owns large estates and businesses. 
working class
working class
[Rzeczownik]

a social class that consists of people with low incomes who do manual or industrial work

klasa robotnicza, proletariat

klasa robotnicza, proletariat

Ex: The working class fought for better wages. 
bigot
bigot
[Rzeczownik]

a person who holds strong opinions about race, religion or politics and is intolerable of differing views

fanatyk, nietolerancyjny

fanatyk, nietolerancyjny

Ex: The politician's speeches revealed him to be a bigot who refused to consider any perspectives other than his own. 
elite
elite
[Rzeczownik]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

elita

elita

Ex: The elite gathered at the exclusive club for their annual meeting. 
feminism
feminism
[Rzeczownik]

the movement that supports equal rights and opportunities for women and men

feminizm, ruch feministyczny

feminizm, ruch feministyczny

Ex: She learned about feminism in school. 
human right
human right
[Rzeczownik]

one of a series of rights that every human being must have

prawo człowieka

prawo człowieka

Ex: Freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental human right that allows individuals to voice their opinions without fear of censorship or retaliation. 
majority
majority
[Rzeczownik]

the larger part or number of a given set or group

większość, większa część

większość, większa część

Ex: The majority of the committee members voted in favor of the new policy. 
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