pattern

Avancerat Ordförråd för TOEFL - Argumentation

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om argumentation, såsom "avow", "posit", "credulous" etc. som behövs för TOEFL-provet.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to avow
to avow
[Verb]

to publicly state that something is the case

förklara, bekänna

förklara, bekänna

Ex: During the interview, the CEO avowed the company's commitment to sustainable business practices. 

Under intervjun förkunnade VD:n företagets engagemang för hållbara affärsmetoder.

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to arbitrate

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

medla, arbitera

medla, arbitera

Ex: The judge was asked to arbitrate the disagreement between the two parties involved in the business contract. 

Domaren ombads att medla i meningsskiljaktigheten mellan de två parterna som var inblandade i affärskontraktet.

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to come out

to express if one is for or against an idea or arguement

uttala sig, ta ställning

uttala sig, ta ställning

Ex: During the meeting, the employees were encouraged to come out and express their opinions on the new working conditions. 

Under mötet uppmanades de anställda att komma fram och uttrycka sina åsikter om de nya arbetsvillkoren.

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to confute

to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

vederlägga, motbevisa

vederlägga, motbevisa

Ex: The team is confuting the opposing viewpoint. 

Laget vederlägger den motsatta synpunkten.

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to extrapolate

to estimate something using past experiences or known data

extrapolera, projicera

extrapolera, projicera

Ex: Can we extrapolate the final outcome from the current progress? 

Kan vi extrapolera det slutliga resultatet från den nuvarande framstegen?

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to interject

to insert a comment, remark, or question abruptly into a conversation

inlägga, avbryta

inlägga, avbryta

Ex: She interjected a joke that made everyone laugh. 

Hon kastade in ett skämt som fick alla att skratta.

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to opine
to opine
[Verb]

to express one's opinion

uttala sin åsikt, ge sin mening

uttala sin åsikt, ge sin mening

Ex: The expert was invited to opine on the potential effects of the new technology during the conference. 

Experten inbjöds att yttra sin åsikt om de potentiella effekterna av den nya tekniken under konferensen.

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to pontificate

to state one's opinion in such a manner that shows one believes to be the only person to fully know it and be unarguably correct

predika, dogmatisera

predika, dogmatisera

Ex: He was pontificating about his favorite sports team, convinced he knew everything. 

Han predikade om sitt favoritlag, övertygad om att han visste allt.

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to posit
to posit
[Verb]

to propose or assume something as true or factual, serving as the foundation for further reasoning or argumentation

postulera, anta

postulera, anta

Ex: The computer scientist posited a new algorithm to improve computational efficiency in complex problem-solving tasks. 

Datavetaren postulerade en ny algoritm för att förbättra beräkningseffektiviteten i komplexa problemlösningsuppgifter.

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to underpin

to back up or form the basis of an argument by providing support

underbygga, stödja

underbygga, stödja

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to vacillate

to be undecided and not know what opinion, idea, or course of action to stick to

vackla, tveka

vackla, tveka

Ex: She was vacillating on whether to accept the promotion or not. 

Hon vekande om hon skulle acceptera befordran eller inte.

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ad hominem
ad hominem
[adjektiv]

(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

ad hominem (av ett argument) riktat mot en person och inte deras synpunkt

ad hominem (av ett argument) riktat mot en person och inte deras synpunkt

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bumptious
bumptious
[adjektiv]

too confident or proud in expressing oneself, in a way that is annoying to others

självbelåten, arrogant

självbelåten, arrogant

Ex: He had a bumptious smile on his face as he boasted about his latest success. 

Han hade ett arrogant leende på läpparna när han skröt om sin senaste framgång.

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credulous
credulous
[adjektiv]

believing things easily even without much evidence that leads to being easy to deceive

lättrogen, naiv

lättrogen, naiv

Ex: He was too credulous and fell for the scam immediately. 

Han var för godtrogen och föll för bedrägeriet omedelbart.

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dialectical
dialectical
[adjektiv]

referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

dialektisk, som rör dialektik

dialektisk, som rör dialektik

Ex: The Socratic dialogues exemplify the dialectical process of questioning and probing for deeper insights. 

De sokratiska dialogen exemplifierar den dialektiska processen av frågor och utforskning för djupare insikter.

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intermediary
intermediary
[adjektiv]

acting as a conversation medium between two groups of people so they can create an argument

medlande

medlande

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non-committal
non-committal
[adjektiv]

not expressing one's definite opinion or intention clearly, especially in an argument

vag, obunden

vag, obunden

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polemic
polemic
[adjektiv]

involving rational arguments to support or oppose an opinion, usually the opposite of others'

polemisk

polemisk

Ex: The professor's polemic analysis critiqued the latest social trends. 

Professorns polemiska analys kritiserade de senaste sociala trenderna.

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vociferous
vociferous
[adjektiv]

expressing feelings or opinions, loudly and forcefully

högljudd, våldsam

högljudd, våldsam

Ex: The politician was known for his vociferous speeches, rallying supporters with his impassioned rhetoric. 

Politikern var känd för sina högröstade tal, som samlade anhängare med hans passionerade retorik.

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airing
airing
[Substantiv]

a public expression or discussion of opinions

sändning, offentlig uttryck

sändning, offentlig uttryck

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aporia
aporia
[Substantiv]

a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

apori, teoretisk återvändsgränd

apori, teoretisk återvändsgränd

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argumentation
argumentation
[Substantiv]

the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

argumentation

argumentation

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chameleon
chameleon
[Substantiv]

someone whose opinion changes in accordance with the situation

kameleont, opportunist

kameleont, opportunist

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casuistry
casuistry
[Substantiv]

the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

kasuistik, sofisteri

kasuistik, sofisteri

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consensus
consensus
[Substantiv]

general agreement among the members of a group

konsensus

konsensus

Ex: Sarah asked everyone for their views before trying to build a consensus. 
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cornerstone
cornerstone
[Substantiv]

the most important part of something on which its existence, success, or truth depends

hörnsten, grundval

hörnsten, grundval

Ex: Honest communication is the cornerstone of effective teamwork. 

Ärlig kommunikation är hörnstenen i effektivt lagarbete.

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declamation
declamation
[Substantiv]

the art or practice of giving a speech or reciting a poem with expression and gestures, especially as an exercise for public speaking or performance

deklamation, talarkonst

deklamation, talarkonst

Ex: The actor's declamation of Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous 'I Have a Dream' speech moved the audience to tears with its heartfelt delivery. 

Skådespelarens deklamation av Martin Luther King Jr:s berömda tal 'I Have a Dream' rörde publiken till tårar med sin hjärtliga framförande.

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doublethink
doublethink
[Substantiv]

the state in which one holds two opposing ideas at the same time

dubbeltänkande, tvåfaldigt tänkande

dubbeltänkande, tvåfaldigt tänkande

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eloquence
eloquence
[Substantiv]

the ability to deliver a clear and strong message

vältalighet, förmåga att leverera ett tydligt och starkt budskap

vältalighet, förmåga att leverera ett tydligt och starkt budskap

Ex: His eloquence during the debate helped persuade many people to support his views. 

Hans vältalighet under debatten hjälpte till att övertala många människor att stödja hans åsikter.

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exponent
exponent
[Substantiv]

a supporter of a theory, belief, idea, etc. who tries to persuade others that it is true or good in order to gain their support

förespråkare, försvarare

förespråkare, försvarare

Ex: As an exponent of mindfulness, he offers workshops to help others manage stress. 

Som en förespråkare för mindfulness erbjuder han workshops för att hjälpa andra att hantera stress.

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gag
gag
[Substantiv]

a limitation on freedom of speech or a restriction on dissemination of information

munkavle, censur

munkavle, censur

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intransigence
intransigence
[Substantiv]

unwillingness to agree about something or change one's views

oböjlighet, kompromisslöshet

oböjlighet, kompromisslöshet

Ex: The intransigence of the board members blocked the proposed reforms. 

Omedgörligheten hos styrelsemedlemmarna blockerade de föreslagna reformerna.

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maverick
maverick
[Substantiv]

an individual who thinks and behaves differently and independently

individualist, nonkonformist

individualist, nonkonformist

Ex: She admired the maverick who started a successful business from scratch. 

Hon beundrade individualisten som startade ett framgångsrikt företag från grunden.

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slant
slant
[Substantiv]

a biased or subjective angle in presenting information, often reflecting personal or ideological viewpoints

lutning, inriktning

lutning, inriktning

Ex: She wrote the piece with a feminist slant. 

Hon skrev stycket med en feministisk lutning.

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syllogism
syllogism
[Substantiv]

a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion that logically follows from them

syllogism, syllogistiskt resonemang

syllogism, syllogistiskt resonemang

Ex: The debate coach taught students how to build a strong syllogism. 

Debattränaren lärde eleverna hur man bygger en stark syllogism.

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touche
touche
[interjektion]

used humorously to show that someone has made a good point in an argument or discussion

touché

touché

Ex: I may have underestimated your ability to counter my remarks, touché. 

Jag kan ha underskattat din förmåga att bemöta mina anmärkningar, touché.

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to embroil

to involve someone in an argument, conflict, or complex situation

inblanda, indragna

inblanda, indragna

Ex: The politician's statement inadvertently embroiled the entire party in a public relations crisis. 

Politikerns uttalande oavsiktligt inblandade hela partiet i en PR-kris.

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