Vocabulário Avançado para o TOEFL - Argumentation

to publicly state that something is the case

afirmar, declarar

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

arbitrar, resolver

to express if one is for or against an idea or arguement

manifestar-se, pronunciar-se

to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

refutar, confutar

to estimate something using past experiences or known data

extrapolar, inferir

to suddenly interrupt someone with one’s own opinion or remark

interromper, intercalar

to express one's opinion

opinar, expressar uma opinião

to state one's opinion in such a manner that shows one believes to be the only person to fully know it and be unarguably correct

pontificar, falar de forma autoritária

to propose or assume something as true or factual, serving as the foundation for further reasoning or argumentation

posicionar, supor

to back up or form the basis of an argument by providing support

sustentar, fundamentar

to be undecided and not know what opinion, idea, or course of action to stick to

vacilar, hesitar

(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

ad hominem

extremely self-assertive in a way that annoys others

presunçoso, arrogante

believing things easily even without much evidence that leads to being easy to deceive

crédulo, ingênuo

referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

dialético

acting as a conversation medium between two groups of people so they can create an argument

intermediário, de intermediação

not expressing one's definite opinion or intention clearly, especially in an argument

não comprometido, indeciso

involving rational arguments to support or oppose an opinion, usually the opposite of others'

polêmico, controverso

expressing feelings or opinions, loudly and forcefully

voz alta, barulhento

a public expression or discussion of opinions

exposição, debate

a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

aporia, contradição

the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

argumentação, razão persuasiva

someone whose opinion changes in accordance with the situation

camaleão, oportunista

the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

casuística

an agreement reached by all members of a group

consenso, acordo

the most important part of something on which its existence, success, or truth depends

pedra angular, fundamento

the art or practice of giving a speech or reciting a poem with expression and gestures, especially as an exercise for public speaking or performance

declamação

the state in which one holds two opposing ideas at the same time

duplo pensamento, pensamento duplo

the ability to deliver a clear and strong message

eloquência

a supporter of a theory, belief, idea, etc. who tries to persuade others that it is true or good in order to gain their support

um defensor, um promotor

a limitation on freedom of speech or a restriction on dissemination of information

censura, restrição

the state or quality of unwillingness to change one's opinion or behavior

intransigência, rigidez

an individual who thinks and behaves differently and independently

rebelde, inconformista

a unique approach or perspective that is centered around a particular opinion

abordagem, perspectiva

a type of logical argument that uses deductive reasoning to conclude based on two premises claimed or supposed to be true

silogismo

used humorously to show that someone has made a good point in an argument or discussion

bem jogado, toque

to involve someone in an argument, conflict, or complex situation

envolver, comprometer